881 research outputs found
The metabolic syndrome in developing countries
No full textThe occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in various ethnic groups - including Caucasians, Africans, Latin Americans, Asian Indians, Chinese, Aboriginal Australians, Polynesians and Micronesians - has been confirmed in several epidemiological studies. In developing countries, the lifestyle changes resulting from industrialization and rural-urban migration involve decreased levels of physical activity and the increased intake of energy. As reported by Viswanathan Mohan and Mohan Deepa in this article, the consequent rise in rates of obesity has led to a huge increase in the numbers of people with the metabolic syndrome in developing regions
The metabolic syndrome in developing countries
No full textThe occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in various ethnic groups - including Caucasians, Africans, Latin Americans, Asian Indians, Chinese, Aboriginal Australians, Polynesians and Micronesians - has been confirmed in several epidemiological studies. In developing countries, the lifestyle changes resulting from industrialization and rural-urban migration involve decreased levels of physical activity and the increased intake of energy. As reported by Viswanathan Mohan and Mohan Deepa in this article, the consequent rise in rates of obesity has led to a huge increase in the numbers of people with the metabolic syndrome in developing regions
Thermal conductivity of metals and non metals
No full textThesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1961.Includes bibliographical references (leaf [19]).by Deepak Mohan Gujral.Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1961
sj-docx-1-aph-10.1177_10105395211073052 – Supplemental material for Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Disease Care in India, China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Vietnam
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-aph-10.1177_10105395211073052 for Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Disease Care in India, China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Vietnam by Kavita Singh, Yiqian Xin, Yuyin Xiao, Jianchao Quan, Daejung Kim, Thi-Phuong-Lan Nguyen, Dimple Kondal, Xinyi Yan, Guohong Li, Carmen S. Ng, Hyolim Kang, Hoang Minh Nam, Sailesh Mohan, Lijing L. Yan, Chenshu Shi, Jiayin Chen, Hoa Thi Hong Hanh, Viswanathan Mohan, Sandra Kong, Karen Eggleston, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Nikhil Tandon, KM Venkat Narayan, Mohammed K Ali, Anjana Ranjit Mohan, Deepa Mohan, Suganthi Jagannathan, Nikhil Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy, Prashant Jarhyan, Enying Gong, Shangzhi Xiong, Xinyue Chen, Truls Østbye, Ege K. Duman, Benjamin J. Cowling, Tiffany WY Ng, Jingyi Xiao, Gabriel M. Leung, Annie Chang and Richard Liang in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health</p
Convergence of prevalence rates of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle and low income groups in urban India: 10-year follow up of the Chennai Urban Population Study
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to look for temporal changes in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in two residential colonies in Chennai. Methods: Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS) was carried out between 1996-1998 in Chennai in two residential colonies representing the middle income group (MIG) and lower income group (LIG), respectively. The MIG had twice the prevalence rate of diabetes as the LIG and higher prevalence rates of hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. They were motivated to increase their physical activity, which led to the building of a park. The LIG was given standard lifestyle advice. Follow-up surveys of both colonies were performed after a period of 10 years. Results: In the MIG, the prevalence of diabetes increased from 12.4 to 15.4% (24% increase), while in the LIG, it increased from 6.5 to 15.3% (135% increase, p < .001). In the LIG, the prevalence rates of central obesity (baseline vs follow-up, male: 30.8 vs 50.9%, p < .001; female: 16.9 vs 49.8%, p < .001), hypertension (8.4 vs 20.1%, p < .001), hypercholesterolemia (14.2 vs. 20.4%, p < .05), and hypertriglyceridemia (8.0 vs 23.5%, p < .001) significantly increased and became similar to that seen in the MIG. Conclusion: There is a rapid reversal of socioeconomic gradient for diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in urban India with a convergence of prevalence rates among people in the MIG and LIG. This could have a serious economic impact on poor people in developing countries such as India
Convergence of prevalence rates of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle and low income groups in urban India: 10-year follow up of the Chennai Urban Population Study
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to look for temporal changes in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in two residential colonies in Chennai. Methods: Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS) was carried out between 1996-1998 in Chennai in two residential colonies representing the middle income group (MIG) and lower income group (LIG), respectively. The MIG had twice the prevalence rate of diabetes as the LIG and higher prevalence rates of hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. They were motivated to increase their physical activity, which led to the building of a park. The LIG was given standard lifestyle advice. Follow-up surveys of both colonies were performed after a period of 10 years. Results: In the MIG, the prevalence of diabetes increased from 12.4 to 15.4% (24% increase), while in the LIG, it increased from 6.5 to 15.3% (135% increase, p < .001). In the LIG, the prevalence rates of central obesity (baseline vs follow-up, male: 30.8 vs 50.9%, p < .001; female: 16.9 vs 49.8%, p < .001), hypertension (8.4 vs 20.1%, p < .001), hypercholesterolemia (14.2 vs. 20.4%, p < .05), and hypertriglyceridemia (8.0 vs 23.5%, p < .001) significantly increased and became similar to that seen in the MIG. Conclusion: There is a rapid reversal of socioeconomic gradient for diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in urban India with a convergence of prevalence rates among people in the MIG and LIG. This could have a serious economic impact on poor people in developing countries such as India
Computational chemistry and molecular modeling : principles and applications / K.I. Ramachandran, G. Deepa, K. Namboori.
No full text"An exclusive URL (http://www.amrita.edu/cen/ccmm/) for this book with the required support materials has been provided for readers ..."--Preface.pharmacy bookfair2015Includes bibliographical references and index.xxi, 397 pages
Micro-raman spectroscopy of caries lesion formation in dental enamel
No full textCaries lesions form by a complex process of chemical interactions between dental enamel and its environment. They can cause cavities and pain, and are expensive to fix. Lesions form by slow demineralization over many months, even years. It is hard to characterize in vivo as a result of environmental factors and remineralization by ions in the oral cavity. In this thesis the process of demineralization was carried out in vitro and micro-Raman spectroscopy used to investigate and characterize the lesion's chemistry. Demineralization occurs by diffusion across the depth of the lesion of mineral ions via interstitial spaces in the dental enamel. Hydroxyl ions are initially lost by acidic attack, which increases the interstitial space. The demineralization is retarded by diffusion processes in the opposite direction, and a balance in the charges of the ions must be maintained. Having multiple ions diffusing simultaneously is termed &amp;amp;#08220;coupled diffusion&amp;amp;#08221;. A subsurface highly demineralized region is formed, but this can be remineralized.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying material composition by exciting chemical bonds in the sample. Using micro-Raman to characterize the chemical composition of lesions may help in developing preventative measures to stop their formation. Raman (λ=785 nm) was used to characterize lesions grown over 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 days. The amide I peak at ~1605 cm-1, which has not been observed previously, was seen in the maturing lesions. The extreme demineralization in these lesions enables the organic peaks to be seen rather than the normally stronger mineral peaks. Analysis of crystallinity shows that there is always a reduction in mineral content with distance below the enamel surface, but this becomes magnified as the lesion matures. Type B carbonate substitution for phosphate ions can also be examined with Raman. Correcting for crystallinity shows that both carbonate and phosphate ions are lost at the same rate during demineralization.
In summary, micro-Raman is an effective and relatively easy tool to use in lesion characterization. It also has the advantage that it can be used to identify changes in both the mineral and protein phases of enamel.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55)
Statistical Analysis of a Three-dimensional Axial Strain and Axial-shear Strain Elastography Algorithm
No full textPathological phenomena often change the mechanical properties of the tissue. Therefore, estimation of tissue mechanical properties can be of clinical importance. Ultrasound elastography is a well-established strain estimation technique. Until recently, mainly 1D elastography algorithms have been developed. A few 2D algorithms have also been developed in the past. Both of these two types of technique ignore the tissue motion in the elevational direction, which could be a significant source of decorrelation in the RF data. In this thesis, a 3D elastography algorithm that estimates all the three components of tissue displacement is implemented and tested statistically.
In this research, displacement fields of mechanical models are simulated. RF signals are then generated based on these displacement fields and used as the input of elastography algorithms. To evaluate the image quality of elastograms, absolute error, SNRe, CNRe and CNRasse are computed. The SNRe, CNRe and CNRasse values are investigated not only under different strain conditions, but also in different frame locations, which forms 3D strain filters. A statistical comparison between image qualities of the 3D technique and 2D technique is also provided.
The results of this study show that the 3D elastography algorithm outperforms the 2D elastography algorithm in terms of image quality and robustness, especially under high strain conditions. This is because that the 3D algorithm estimates the elevational displacement, while the 2D technique only estimates the axial and lateral deformation. Since the elevational displacement could be an important source for the decorrelation in the RF data, the 3D technique is more effective and robust compared with the 2D technique
Hardware Architecture for Semantic Comparison
No full textSemantic Routed Networks provide a superior infrastructure for complex search engines. In a Semantic Routed Network (SRN), the routers are the critical component and they perform semantic comparison as their key computation. As the amount of information available on the Internet grows, the speed and efficiency with which information can be retrieved to the user becomes important. Most current search engines scale to meet the growing demand by deploying large data centers with general purpose computers that consume many megawatts of power. Reducing the power consumption of these data centers while providing better performance, will help reduce the costs of operation significantly.
Performing operations in parallel is a key optimization step for better performance on general purpose CPUs. Current techniques for parallelization include architectures that are multi-core and have multiple thread handling capabilities. These coarse grained approaches have considerable resource management overhead and provide only sub-linear speedup.
This dissertation proposes techniques towards a highly parallel, power efficient architecture that performs semantic comparisons as its core activity. Hardware-centric parallel algorithms have been developed to populate the required data structures followed by computation of semantic similarity. The performance of the proposed design is further enhanced using a pipelined architecture. The proposed algorithms were also implemented on two contemporary platforms such as the Nvidia CUDA and an FPGA for performance comparison. In order to validate the designs, a semantic benchmark was also been created. It has been shown that a dedicated semantic comparator delivers significantly better performance compared to other platforms.
Results show that the proposed hardware semantic comparison architecture delivers a speedup performance of up to 10^5 while reducing power consumption by 80% compared to traditional computing platforms. Future research directions including better power optimization, architecting the complete semantic router and using the semantic benchmark for SRN research are also discussed
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