1,720,962 research outputs found
Interaction of Propranolol with Garlic on Biochemical and Histological Changes in Rat
No full textAbstract The current study dealt with the interaction of garlic homogenate (GH) with propranolol (PRO) in rat, and to determine whether this effect is associated with biochemical and histological changes. Albino rats were treated with GH at three different doses of 125 mg/kg (GH-125), 250 mg/kg (GH-250) and 500 mg/kg (GH-500) orally for 30 days and PRO was incorporated in the interactive groups during the last seven days of GH treatment. Blood was withdrawn under ether anesthesia from the retroorbital route and serum was separated. Heart tissue homogenate (HTH) of the excised heart was also prepared. Both serum and HTH were used for biochemical estimation. Histopathological studies were carried out subsequently for confirmation of biochemical findings. GH-125 and GH-250 were found to significantly augment the endogenous antioxidant synthesis whereas, GH-500 was found to significantly diminish the synthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Toxicity of GH-500 cannot be reversed by the addition of PRO in the therapy. However, incorporation of PRO in GH-125 or GH-250 treatment showed significant synergistic effect in terms of increasing antioxidant synthesis. Mild and moderate doses of GH were also shown to keep the integrity of myocardium intact, whereas GH-500 damages the myocardium. The findings of the present study indicate that it is safe to administer garlic in low to moderate doses in cardiac patients receiving propranolol. However, high doses of GH are found to be toxic to myocardium and hence care should be taken for proper selection of doses
Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Propranolol with Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) in Rats
Full text linkGarlic preparations and propranolol (PRO) are agents recognized as cardioprotective and potent antihypertensive agents when they are used individually. However, there is no report available to explain the role of combined therapy during simultaneous hypertension and myocardial damage in rats. We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of PRO with garlic homogenate (GH), in rats. The influence of garlic on pharmacokinetics of PRO was determined by HPLC method; while pharmacodynamic interaction was studied in animals with hypertension (10% fructose) and myocardial damage (isoproterenol, 175 mg kg−1, s.c. 2 days). PRO was given orally at 10 mg kg−1for 1 week, whereas, GH was administered at three different doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg kg−1, p.o. in their respective groups during fourth to sixth week of high fructose (HF) period, once daily. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured and histopathological studies were carried out. The bioavailability and half life of PRO were significantly enhanced by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in animals pretreated with garlic (250 mg kg−1). Administration of PRO and low to moderate doses of GH (125, 250 mg kg−1), either alone or together showed fall in fluid intake and body weight. The combined therapy of GH 250 mg kg−1and PRO was found to be most effective in reducing SBP, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. These observations suggest that careful addition of garlic in moderate doses in PRO regimen might result in beneficial effect during treatment of hypertensive animals with myocardial damage.</jats:p
The potential benefits of a garlic and hydrochlorothiazide combination as antihypertensive and cardioprotective in rats
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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