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Mohammed-Aziz Lahbari, Ibn khaldûn, présentation, choix de textes, bibliographie
No full textAdam André. Mohammed-Aziz Lahbari, Ibn khaldûn, présentation, choix de textes, bibliographie. In: Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°6, 1969. pp. 177-179
Mohammed Aziz Lahbabi, Le monde de demain : le Tiers Monde accuse
No full textMoatassime Ahmed. Mohammed Aziz Lahbabi, Le monde de demain : le Tiers Monde accuse. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 23, n°91, 1982. p. 710
European integration after Mohammed Aziz
No full textPublished online: 29 January 2024The case of Mohammed Aziz, the defaulted mortgagor from Spain who lost his house after the financial crisis, has probably received most scholarly and political attention in the field of EU consumer law since Cassis de Dijon. More than ten years have passed since the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) turned upside down Spanish Procedural Law for the sake of the effectiveness of European consumer law and it continues impacting subsequent national legislation not only in Spain but also elsewhere. What more is there to say about the case? What we intend to do in this chapter is to ‘stand and stare’ at the legal developments and academic commentary ever since 2013, when the judgment was passed, trying to bring forward a broader analysis of the case’s impact on European integration. First, we summarise the facts of the case and highlight the impact it has had in European consumer law. Second, we analyse Aziz and subsequent case law from the perspective of the ‘Jack in the Box’ of European Private Law (EPL) as the new driver for European integration. In the course of this argument, we offer a re-interpretation of the principle of procedural autonomy and highlight the way in which different Member States courts have dealt with a new sense of empowerment, however limited it may be
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides and Dichalcogenides for Energy-related Applications
No full textIn this thesis the applicability of the efficient production of low-dimensional materials under the effect of mechanical forces is assessed. The development of efficient synthesis methods capable of mass production of nanomaterials is becoming crucial. Two key technological transition metal materials, oxides and dichalcogenides are chosen as model systems. Among TMO, ZnO and MoO3 are chosen, while MoS2, WS2, and NbSe2 are chosen for TMDs. Braking-down of bulk ZnO found to increase the compatibility between ZnO nanoparticles and organic solvents increasing the repulsive forces among particles, preventing the ZnO nanoparticle from aggregation. The effect is attributed and related to the changes in the surface area. When the ZnO interlayer was present in the OSC, the vertical phase separation of the active layers prepared with and without solvent annealing exhibited similar gradient concentrations and, therefore, similar photocurrent generation. The bond breaking in MoO3 along the [001] direction consumes less energy because only one MoO bond connects the corner-shared octahedral, while the two MoO bonds connected along the [100] direction require more energy to break. Therefore, by applying mechanical force with various imposing times (15–90 min) Bulk MoO3 can directly converted to nanorods with average lengths of 0.5–1.5 μm and widths of approximately 100–200 nm. Relative to α-MoO3 microparticles, these nanorods displayed significantly enhanced lithium-ion storage properties with higher reversible capacities and better rate performance, presumably because their much shorter diffusion lengths and higher specific surface areas allowed more-efficient insertion/deinsertion of lithium ions during the charge/discharge process. Thermodynamically, the free energy of mixing for non-electrolytic systems predominate the solvent and solute mixing process. According to Hildebrand–Scatchard equation, the energy per unit area required to overcome the van der Waals forces is minimized when the surface energies of the nanosheets and solvent are matched. Although the strong attraction between the solvent and nanosheets is not sufficient to exfoliate sheets from the bulk materials, it still weakens the van der Waals interactions between adjacent layers. Therefore, it is required to incorporate an additional force to facilitate the exfoliation and isolation of individual nanosheets. Here, in bead-milling, this required force can be provided through the friction and sheer force of the beads on the layered materials. By utilizing these layered transition metal disulphide films as an electron extraction layer in inverted structure organic solar cell can deliver promising power conversion efficiency with high stability. Simple and facile methods for the large-scale syntheses of well-defined NbSe2 nanostructures in high yield have yet to be realized and that will have a great impact in a wide range of applications. One-step process for the preparation of NbSe2 nanosheets, nanorods and nanoparticles from pristine materials under the effects of shear and friction forces was demonstrated. DSSCs with NbSe2 nanosheets counter electrode (CE) achieved a conversion efficiency of 7.73%, superior to an efficiency of 7.01% for Pt-based CE. NbSe2 nanostructure provides a cost-effective CE alternative to the noble metal Pt in DSSCs.Chapter1.Introduction ...................................................................................1
1.1 Motivation ......................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................5
1.3 Thesis organization ........................................................................................7
References..............................................................................................................9
Chapter 2. Literature review ..................................................................11
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................11
2.2 Properties of TMO&Ds (TMO: ZnO and MoO3, and TMDC: WS2, MoS2, and NbSe2)……………………………………………………………………....11
2.2.1 Crystal structure……………………………………………………...11
2.2.2 Electronic structure…………………………………………………. 14
2.2.3 Optical properties…………………………………………………… 18
2.2.4 Mechanical properties………………………………………………..21
2.2.5 Thermal properties…………………………………………………...22
2.3 Synthesis and preparation methods of TMO&DCs nanostructures………….24
2.3.1 Vapor phase deposition………………………………………………24
2.3.2 Liquid phase deposition………………………………………………26
2.3.3 Solid-state reactions…………………………………………………. 27
2.3.4 Exfoliation methods of 2D TMO&DCs…………………..………….28
2.3.4.1 Mechanical exfoliation ………………………………………28
2.3.4.2 Ball milling …………………..……………………..………29
2.3.4.3 Liquid exfoliation …………………………………….…….30
2.3.4.4 Laser thinning ……………………………………………….32
2.4 Applications of TMO&DCs………………………………………………… 32
2.4.1 Photovoltaics ………………………………………………………...32
2.4.2 Counter electrodes in DSSCs……………………………..………….34
2.4.3 Energy storage devices………………………………………………35
2.4.3.1 LIB electrodes……………………………………………….35
2.4.3.2 Supercapacitors……………………………………………...38
2.4.4 Hydrogen production………………….……………………………..39
2.4.5 Other applications……………….………….………………………..40
2.4.5.1 Electronic devices…….…………….……………………….40
2.4.5.2 Sensors………………………………………………………42
2.4.5.3 Superlubricants…………………….………………………...44
2.4.5.4 Superconductivity……………………………………………44
2.5 Summary……………………………………………………………………..45
References…………………………….………………………………………….46
Chapter 3. Breaking-down bulk Zinc Oxide to Nanoparticles…….….61
3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………61
3.2 Experimental…………………………………………………………………64
3.2.1 ZnO Nanoparticles and Thin Film Preparation………………………64
3.2.2 ZnO Thin Film Characterization……………………………………..65
3.2.3 PSC Fabrication and Characterization……………………………….65
3.3 Results and discussion ……………………………………………………….67
3.3.1. Nanoparticles size and morphology measurement…………………..67
3.3.2. OSC with ZnO as electron extraction layer………………………….69
3.3.3. Active layer vertical segregation investigation………………………72
3.3.4 ZnO nanoparticles concentration effect………………………………75
3.4 Summary……………………………………………………………………...77
References………………………………………………………………………..78
Chapter 4. Direct conversion of Molybdenum Trioxide to Nanorods…82
4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..82
4. 2 Experimental ………………………………………………….…………….85
4.2.1Material preparation ………………………………………………….85
4.2.2 Characterizations……………………………………………………..86
4.2.3 Electrochemical Test …………………………………..…………….86
4.3 Results and Discussion ………………………………………………………87
4.3.1 Crystallographic Morphology and stoichiometry study……………..87
4.3.3 Mechanism of conversion …………………………………………...92
4.3.4 MoO3 nanorods as multifunctional electrodes in LIB ……………….94
4.4 Summary……………………………………………………………………..98
References………………………………………………………………………..98
Chapter 5. Few-layers transition metal disulfide nanosheets…………101
5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..101
5.2 Experimental…………………………………………………………………103
5.2.1 Materials and chemicals……………………………………………..103
5.2.2 Exfoliation process…………………………………………………..103
5.2.3 Solar cell devices fabrication……..………………………………….104
5.2.4 Characterization……………………………………………………105
5.3 Results and Discussion……………………………………………………….106
5.3.1 TMDs 2D materials mechanism of preparation……………………...106
5.3.2 Crystallographic Morphology and stoichiometry determination…….107
5.3.3 TMDs Thin film fabrication………………………………………….111
5.3.4 Few-layers MoS2 and WS2 as electron extraction layer……………..113
5.3.5 Other 2D materials…………………………………………………..116
5.4 Summary…………………………………………………………………….117
References ………………………………………………………………………118
Chapter 6. Nanostructures NbSe2 Sheet, Rod, and Particles …...……123
6.1 Introduction…………………………………….…………………………….123
6.2 Experimental…………………………………………………………………127
6.2.1 Nanomaterials preparation…………………………………………...127
6.2.2 Microscopic and Spectroscopic observation…………………………127
6.2.3 NbSe2 thin film and CEs fabrication…………………………………128
6.2.4 Magnetic Susceptibility measurement……………………………….128
6.2.5 Electrical and Optical measurements………………………………...129
6.2.6 Characterization of the CEs………………………………………….129
6.2.7 Fabrication of DSSCs……………………………………………….129
6.2.8 DSSCs characterizations……………………………………………130
6.3 Results and Discussion……………………………………………………...131
6.3.1 Cleavage Mechanism……………………………………………….131
6.3.2 Morphology Determination…………………………………………134
6.3.1 Stoichiometric and crystal structure measurements…………………136
6.3.4 Superconductivity measurement…………………………………….139
6.3.5 Thin film fabrication and characterizations…………………………140
6.3.6 NbSe2 nanostructures CE in DSSCs………………………………...142
6.4 Summary…………………………………………………………………….146
References ………………………………………………………………………147
Chapter 7. Conclusions and future outlook………..…………………. 150
7.1 Concluding remarks…………………………………………………………150
7.1.1 Stage I ………………………………………………………………151
7.1.2 Stage II ……………………………………………………………...152
7.1.3 Stage III ……………………………………………………………..153
7.1.4 Stage IV ……………………………………………………………..154
7.2 publications, patents and conference contribution…………………………..156
7.2.1 Journal publications…………………………………………………156
7.2.2 Patents……………………………………………………………….157
7.2.3 Conference contribution…………………………………………….158
7.3 Recommendations for future works………………………………………… 15
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