1,720,957 research outputs found
Effects of Ionic Liquids on Aqueous Urea Solutions: Insights into the Ionic Liquid-Assisted Protein Renaturation
No full textWater Clathrates in Nanostructural Organization of Hydrated Ionic Liquids Manifest a Peculiar Density Trend
No full textIonic
liquid–water binary solutions have significantly expanded
the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in chemical and biological
research. Therefore, considerable research has focused on measuring
the thermophysical properties of these binary mixtures. From low-to-moderate
concentrations of water, several IL/water mixtures exhibit deviations
from expected trends in thermophysical behavior. One such example
is a unique density trend observed for certain IL classes, which exhibit
a characteristic increase in density with the addition of small amounts
of water. Since water primarily interacts with the IL anion, such
deviations have always been explained in the context of anion–water
associations. Surprisingly, however, IL/water mixtures containing
different cations but a common lactate anion exhibit similar peculiarities
in density trends. Using atomistic level molecular dynamics simulations,
we show that diverse density trends are caused by cation-mediated
modulations in the IL nanostructure. Depending on its nature, the
IL cation can play a dual role in modulating the IL nanostructure:
(i) resist water-mediated breakdown of the nanostructure by interacting
with the anion very strongly, (ii) further strengthen the nanostructure
by incorporating water in the IL framework. The [emim] cation fails
to play both roles resulting in the density decrease, while the [tmg]
cation fulfills both roles leading to a density rise. The choline
cation resists the density fall by inducing the formation of “water-clathrates”
in the solution. Such occurrence of clathrates in IL/water binary
mixtures, reported for the first time in this study, further emphasizes
that the properties of ILs and its mixtures are not merely determined
by the chemical nature of the component ions, but also by their unique
nanostructural organizations. These unique nanostructural organizations
also manifest in their unusual dynamics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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