3 research outputs found
Digitalising risk of fire resilience for UK buildings
No full textSeveral attempts have been made in the past to advance fire safety standards for residential buildings. However, the UK government has only partially succeeded in delivering detailed legislation that has been both successfully implemented and enforced across all types of dwellings. To further understand the government's approach, the author carried out detailed research into the common causes and triggers of fire that took place using a case study approach involving terrace housing, whilst also assessing the fitness for purpose of legislation with respect to the UK and EU regulatory landscape. In addition, independent research addressed all key elements of terraced dwellings, including information on fire alarm systems and detection devices, fire-resistant materials within external walls, compartmentalisation and combustibility of facades in roofing, quality of egress routes, and mitigation measures in place. Compiling data from multiple reputable sources such as the HSA, BRE and Home Office and comparing it with current legislation from Approved Document B: Fire Safety (vol. 2010-2019), indicated the government's failure to identify measures that could be adopted in order to retrofit existing homes and improve their resilience to the risk of fire. This severe deficiency in the lack of applicable legislation and safety methods in place for terrace housing confirms the need to implement contemporary approaches and advanced techniques for fire safety. This paper aims at exploring the resilience of the UK domestic housing to the risk of fire and provides simulation analysis from a real building case study identifying relevant fire propagation factors
Islamisation or Malaynisation? : a study on the role of Islamic law in the economic development of Malaysia : 1969-1993
No full textThe thesis examines the role of Islam and Shariah (Islamic law) in the
economic development of Malaysia and it rejects the assumption that Islam and
Shariah inhibit economic development. In contemporary Malaysia, there are two
'policies' adopted by the Government. Firstly, 'Islamisation' which is for the
advancement of Islamic law and institution building. Secondly, 'Malaynisation' which
promotes the socio-economic development of the Malay ethnic group. The study
adopts a holistic approach which covers the political economy of law in Malaysia.
The thesis explores the relationship between the two policies considering in
particular whether they are essentially the same. The study covers the pre-colonial,
colonial and post-colonial periods although the focus is on the post-1969 period which
involved the application of the New Economic Policy (NEP).
The NEP was a pro-Malay Policy to rectif,' the economic imbalance of the
Malays vis-à-vis other communities. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is on the Malay-
Muslim population of Peninsular Malaysia who form the bulk of the Bumiputera
(indigenous people).
Two Bum iputera and Islamic organisations, Bank Islam (BIIMB) and Tabung Haji
(TH) as well as the Bumiputera unit trust scheme, Amanah Saham Nasional (ASN) are
used as the case studies. Their establishment, structure and organisation are examined.
There is a specific focus on the extent to which they are examples of Islamisation or
Malaynisation.
It is clear that in contemporary Malaysia, Islam and Shariah are being used by
the Government to promote economic development. Islamic values have been used to
further Malay economic participation in the commercial sector. As a consequence, the
economic position of many Malay-Muslims has greatly improved. However, the
Government position is questioned by the Islamic opposition who say that the
Islamisation policy in many respects is either contrary to Islam or merely cosmetic, and
want a 'pure' Islamic approach. The thesis therefore involves a critical examination of
the perspectives of both the Government and the Islamic opposition
Evaluación del ciclo de vida de la producción de biocompuestos con matriz de ácido poliláctico y refuerzos de residuos agrícolas: un estudio comparativo entre la cáscara de marañón y el pseudotallo de plátano
No full textEsta investigación evaluó y comparó el desempeño ambiental de la fabricación de biocompuestos de matriz PLA reforzados con residuos agrícolas locales: fibra de pseudotallo de plátano (FP) y partículas de cáscara de nuez de marañón (PCNM), utilizando impresión 3D (FDM e impregnación in situ). El objetivo fue determinar la opción con menor impacto ambiental mediante la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) según la norma ISO 14040/44, con un enfoque "cuna-a-producción" y una unidad funcional de 1 kg de biocompuesto. El proceso de inventario de ciclo de vida (ICV) incluyó la recopilación de datos primarios (entrevistas, procesos de laboratorio como secado, molienda, extrusión e impresión) y secundarios (literatura, bases de datos Ecoinvent 3.10), utilizando el software SimaPro y el método de evaluación Environmental Footprint 3.1. Los resultados indican que el biocompuesto PLA-FP presenta un desempeño ambiental más favorable que el PLA-PCNM, destacando que presenta una huella de carbono reducida de 5,13 kg CO2 eq/kg, atribuida principalmente a parámetros de impresión más eficientes energéticamente para el PLA-FP. Los puntos críticos identificados fueron el alto consumo de energía eléctrica en la etapa de impresión 3D (60-76.4% del impacto total) y la producción de PLA virgen (22.6-30.4%). Se demostró un beneficio ambiental adicional al usar FP cuando se evita la disposición convencional del residuo, mientras que el uso de PCNM no mostró una ventaja clara frente a su disposición actual en vertedero.This research evaluated and compared the environmental performance of manufacturing PLA-matrix biocomposites reinforced with local agricultural residues: banana pseudostem fiber (FP) and cashew nutshell particles (PCNM), using 3D printing (FDM and in-situ impregnation). The objective was to determine the option with the lowest environmental impact using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology according to ISO 14040/44, with a "cradle-to-gate" approach and a functional unit of 1 kg of biocomposite. The life cycle inventory (LCI) process included the collection of primary data (interviews, laboratory processes such as drying, milling, extrusion, and printing) and secondary data (literature, Ecoinvent 3.10 database), using SimaPro software and the Environmental Footprint 3.1 assessment method. The results indicate that the PLA-FP biocomposite exhibits a more favorable environmental performance than PLA-PCNM, highlighting a carbon footprint 5.13 kg CO2 eq/kg lower, primarily attributed to more energy-efficient printing parameters for PLA-FP. The identified hotspots were the high electricity consumption during the 3D printing stage (accounting for 60-76.4% of the total impact) and virgin PLA production (22.6- 30.4%). An additional environmental benefit was demonstrated when using FP by avoiding conventional waste disposal, whereas the use of PCNM did not show a clear advantage over its current disposal in landfills.1 INTRODUCCIÓN 32 OBJETIVOS 52.1 Objetivo general 52.2 Objetivos específicos 53 REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA 63.1 Material compuesto 63.2 Ácido poliláctico 73.3 Cascaras de nuez de marañón 73.4 Fibras de pseudotallo de plátano 83.5 Fabricación aditiva 93.6 Análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) 93.7 Metodologías de evaluación de impacto de ciclo de vida (EICV) 123.8 ACV biocompuestos 133.9 Sostenibilidad y economía circular en la producción de materiales 144 ESTADO DEL ARTE 165 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 205.1 Descripción de la zona de estudio 215.2 Metodología para fase de definición de objetivos y alcance 225.2.1 Unidad funcional 225.2.2 Límites del sistema 235.2.3 Escenarios de comparación 275.3 Metodología para fase Análisis de inventario de ciclo de vida 285.3.1 Parámetro de modelado de datos 295.3.2 Etapa de cultivo, cosecha y procesamiento de marañón 295.3.3 Etapa de producción de partículas de cascara de nuez de marañón 325.3.4 Etapa de producción de biocompuesto (PLA-PCNM) 335.3.5 Etapa de cultivo y cosecha del plátano 365.3.6 Etapa de extracción de las fibras de pseudotallo de plátano 365.3.7 Etapa de producción del biocompuesto (PLA-FP) 375.4 Metodología para la fase de Evaluación de impacto del ciclo de vida 395.5 Metodología para la fase de Interpretación 405.5.1 Análisis de calidad de los datos 416 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES 426.1 Inventario del ciclo de vida 436.2 Análisis de calidad de datos 466.3 Resultados de la evaluación del ciclo de vida 496.3.1 Análisis de contribución 496.4 Análisis comparativo de la evaluación de impactos 536.5 Puntos críticos ambientales 796.6 Influencia de los refuerzos de residuos agrícolas en los biocompuestos 817 CONCLUSIONES 838 RECOMENDACIONES 859 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 8710 ANEXOS 105PregradoIngeniero(a) AmbientalTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensió
