234 research outputs found
Woman’s Suppression in Azab dan Sengsara: A Feminist Perspective
No full textAzab dan Sengsara is an Indonesian novel written by Merari Siregar (1921), one of the famous roman novelists in Indonesia in Balai Pustaka era. The novel is a material object of the present study. The study aims at revealing oppression, violence, exploitation of woman and all varieties of injustice to woman, revealing social symptoms ideological forms containing in the novel as a manifestation of a company condition in old era. This research uses a qualitative method and approaches of literary feminist and literary sociology as its support. This research succeeds in answering the problems of woman life, as manifestation of real life which reflects kinds of woman’s life in society of Indonesian, for example: marriage, custom, violence, etc. for the hero “Mariamin” (a woman). She is the manifestation of the authority life, besides talking on oppression of woman images of its community lives. The author succeeded offering solutions with various contradictions, conflicts, handling down the novel as manifestation in real life
DIMENSI PSIKOLOGIS PEMAKNAAN AZAB NERAKA DALAM SURAT AL-WAQI’AH (Studi Kasus Kelompok Kajian Al-Miftah Ahmad)
No full textABSTRAK
Azab neraka adalah hukuman dari Allah untuk para pendosa,
baik dari kalangan mukmin maupun non mukmin (orang-orang kafir,
munafik dan musrik). Kehidupan di dunia hanyalah sementara dan
tempat untuk bersenda gurau. Sedangkan akhirat adalah tempat
terakhir kita untuk pulang. Dalam akhirat terdapat dua pilihan dimana
semua yang kita kerjakan di dunia ada pertanggung
jawabannyayaitusurga dan neraka. Ketika kita membahas tentang azab
neraka, tidak menutup kemungkinan seseorang tidak merasakan
respon psikologis baik respon fisik atau non fisik.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana
pemaknaan azab neraka menurut ustadz Baha‟udin Ahmad selaku
pengajar tafsir di TPA tersebut, perbandingan makna azab neraka
dalam surat Al-Waqi‟ah yang disampaikan oleh sang ustadz dengan
tafsir yang penulis pakai yaitu Tafsir Al-Mishbah karya M. Quraish
Shihab, serta dimensi psikologis kelomok kajian TPA Al-Miftah
Ahmad yang terletak di Desa Karangsari, Kecamatan Ketapang,
Lampung Selatan terhadap penafsiran tentang azab neraka terebut.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode
kualitatif dengan pendekatan pustaka dan lapangan. Sumber data
penelitian ini diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi,
dan ditinjau dari beberapa kepustakaan.
Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu: makna azab neraka menurut
kelompok kajian Al-Miftah Ahmad adalah suatu hukuman yang
diberikan oleh Allah untuk orang-orang yang melanggar perintah-Nya.
Dengan adanya makna tersebut dapat ditemukan perbandingan
pemaknaan azab neraka dalam surat Al-Waqi‟ah antara kelompok
kajian Al-Miftah Ahmad dengan M. Quraish Shihab, dalam kitab
tafsirnya Quraish Shihab hanya menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk azab
neraka dalam surat Al-Waqi‟ah tidak menjelakan makna dari azab
nerakanya sedangkan kelompok kajian Al-Miftah Ahmad menjelaskan
secara detail makna dan bentuk azab neraka. Respon kelompok kajian
Al-Miftah Ahmad setelah mendengar ustadz Baha‟udin Ahmad
menjelaskan tentang azab neraka bermacam-macam ada yang takut,
sedih, gelisah, bahkan sampai menangis karena teringat dosa yang
telah mereka perbuat. Semua jam‟ah mempercayai bahwa azab neraka
itu benar adanya.
Kata kunci : Azab, Makna, Psikologis
iii
ABSTRAK
The punishment of hell is a punishment from Allah for
sinners, both believers and non-believers (unbelievers, hypocrites and
polytheists). Life on earth is only temporary and a place for fun. While
the afterlife is our last place to go home. In the afterlife there are two
choices where everything we do in this world is accountable, namely
heaven and hell. When we talk about the punishment of hell, it is
possible that someone does not feel a psychological response, either a
physical or non-physical response.
The purpose of this study was to find out how the meaning of
the punishment of hell according to Ustadz Baha'udin Ahmad as a
teacher of interpretation at the TPA, the comparison of the meaning of
the punishment of hell in the letter Al-Waqi'ah delivered by the ustadz
with the interpretation that the author used, namely Tafsir Al-Mishbah
by M. Quraish Shihab, as well as the psychological dimensions of the
Al-Miftah Ahmad TPA study group located in Karangsari Village,
Ketapang District, South Lampung on the interpretation of the
punishment of hell.
The method used in this research is a qualitative method with
a literature and field approach. The data sources of this research were
obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation, and were
reviewed from several literatures.
The results of this study are: the meaning of the punishment
of hell according to the study group of Al-Miftah Ahmad is a
punishment given by Allah to those who violate His commands. With
this meaning, it can be found a comparison of the meanings of the
punishment of hell in the letter Al-Waqi'ah between the study group of
Al-Miftah Ahmad and M. Quraish Shihab, in his book of commentary
Quraish Shihab only explains the forms of the punishment of hell in
the letter Al-Waqi'ah not explained the meaning of the punishment of
hell while the study group Al-Miftah Ahmad explained in detail the
meaning and form of the punishment of hell. The response of the Al�Miftah Ahmad study group after hearing Ustadz Baha'udin Ahmad
explain about the punishment of hell varies, some are afraid, sad,
anxious, even cry because they remember the sins they have
committed. All jam'ah believe that the punishment of hell is true.
Keywords: Punishment, Meaning, Psychologica
A phase Ib study combining the second-generation DNA hypomethylating agent (DHA) guadecitabine (SGI-110) and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma: the NIBIT-M4 Study.
No full textBackground:
Epigenetic alterations affect virtually all cellular pathways associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Importantly, the multifaceted immunomodulatory activity of DHA has been shown to improve the immunogenicity and immune recognition of neoplastic cells; thus, we predicted DHA could be part of new and potentially more effective immunotherapeutic combinations in cancer (Maio et al., Clin Can Res, 2015). Targeting immune check-point(s) with immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is a novel and rapidly evolving strategy to treat cancer. The prototype approach of this therapeutic modality relies on the inhibition of negative signals delivered by CTLA-4 expressed on activated T lymphocytes. CTLA-4 blockade has changed the therapeutic landscape of metastatic melanoma (MM) by significantly improving the long-term survival of mm patients; however, objective clinical responses are limited, thus opening the path to combination regimens to improve its efficacy. Based on the immunomodulatory activity of the second-generation DHA guadecitabine (Covre et al., Semin Oncol, 2015) we designed the NIBIT-M4 study. This trial will sequence guadecitabine and ipilimumab in mm patients to provide proof-of-concept to the immunologic and clinical efficacy of DHA combined with CTLA-4 blockade.
Methods:
This is a Phase 1b, dose-escalation study in treatment naïve or pretreated unresectable Stage III or Stage IV melanoma patients, amenable to serial tumor biopsies. Primary objective will assess MTD and safety of guadecitabine combined with ipilimumab. Secondary objectives will include immune-related (ir) -DCR, -ORR, -PFS, median OS, and survival rate at 1 and 2-years. Immune-biologic correlates will be exploratory objectives. The dose escalation of guadecitabine will follow a 3+3 design. Cohorts of 3-6 patients will receive ipilimumab i.v. 3 mg/kg on W1, 4, 7 and 10 day 1 q21d and guadecitabine s.c. on W0, 3, 6, 9, days 1-5 q21d at the one of following doses: Dose Level (DL) -1: 15 mg/m2 day; DL 0: 30 mg/m2 day; DL +1: 45 mg/m2 day. Sample size will range from 6 to 19 patients. Four patients have been enrolled to date. Clinical trial information: NCT0260843
Correction: El Azab, I.H., et al. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel 2H-Chromene Derivatives Bearing Phenylthiazolidinones and Their Biological Activity Assessment. Molecules 2014, 19, 19648-19664
No full textThe authors wish to revise the Author Affiliation section of the title paper, published in Molecules [1], (doi:10.3390/molecules191219648, website: http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/12/19648). To recognize the fact that the research described was performed in part at the facilities of Taif University and to acknowledge that institution’s generous financial support[...
Integrating GIS, remote sensing and mathematical modelling for surface water quality management in irrigated watersheds
No full textThe intensive uses of limited water resources, the growing population rates and the various increasing human activities put high and continuous stresses on these resources. Major problems affecting the water quality of rivers, streams and lakes may arise from inadequately treated sewage, poor land use practices, inadequate controls on the discharges of industrial waste waters, uncontrolled poor agricultural practices, excessive use of fertilizers, and a lack of integrated watershed management. This study explores the impact of these pollution problems and the water quality degradation of Irrigated agricultural watersheds When the watersheds have a complex physical basis of interacting water bodies such as canals, drains and coastal lagoons as in the case of irrigated watersheds in coastal river Deltas, and when these environments are ‘data scarce environments’, the problems of managing water quality becomes more obvious and the need for reliable solutions becomes an urgent requirement. This study focused on the management of surface water quality problems in such watersheds and the importance of taking into consideration all the watershed components and the effects of pollution from the upstream canals on the downstream coastal lakes. In this study a generic framework for a (Water Quality Management Information System) is developed depending on the integration of physically based hydrodynamic and water quality models with GIS capabilities and the spatial and temporal capabilities of remote sensing in water quality modeling. The application is developed and tested for the Edko drainage catchment and shallow lake system in the western part of the Nile Delta, Egypt. The developed framework includes a hierarchy of modeling tools: a 1D-2D basic hydrodynamic model for a combined shallow lake-drainage system, a detailed 2D hydrodynamic model of the shallow lake, and a 2D water quality and eutrophication screening models for the lake system. The basic water quality model for the lake system simulates the main water quality parameters including the oxygen compounds, nutrients compounds, temperature, salinity and the total suspended matter (TSM). The complexity of the physical and ecological properties of the lake system implied the use of different methodologies for models calibration using remote sensing. The combination of remote sensing with mathematical modelling, for the calibration and verification of TSM and chlorophyll-concentrations in the shallow lake system showed reliable and successful results.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Stochastic Modeling and Planning of Wind-Based Distributed Generators in Distribution System
No full textThe increasing strain on the Earth resulting from pollution, climate change, and finite resources has established the development of renewable energy sourcing methods, such as wind, solar and geothermal energy. By reorganizing the power system structures, and the growth in customer demand, the development of Distributed Generation (DG) play a vital role in the power system planning. Furthermore, because of the inexhaustibility and cleanliness of the renewable DG units, they are inevitably the key to a sustainable energy supply infrastructure. Nevertheless, the random nature associated with the renewable DG units produces specific challenges that have to be addressed to accelerate the expansion of the renewable DG units in the distribution system. Firstly, a new method for the determination of the wind speed distribution based on hourly wind speed data is proposed. Thus, instead of using only the well-known unimodal distributions such as Weibull and Rayleigh, a combination of probability density functions (PDFs) is taken into account, considering four sets of parameters in which each set represents a distribution. Furthermore, this model enhances the likelihood of the estimated wind speed probabilities. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method for finite mixture models through the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate the optimal parameters of the mixture distribution. Then two types of error measurements assessed the performance of each unimodal and multimodal distribution. As a result, the mixture of Gamma (MoG) distribution returned the most accurate results. Secondly, the results of wind speed modeling will be used in the siting and sizing wind-based DG units. The methodology addresses a probabilistic generation load model that combines all possible operating conditions of the wind-based DG units and load levels with their probabilities. The objective of siting and sizing formulation is to minimize the annual energy losses of the system as well as keeping the system constraints such as voltage limits at different buses (slack and load buses) of the system, feeder capacity, discrete size of the DG units, maximum investment on each bus, and maximum penetration limit of DG units in an acceptable limit
Aerodynamic optimization using high-order finite-volume CFD simulations
No full textThe growth of computer power and storage capacity allowed engineers to tackle engineering design as an optimization problem. For transport aircraft, drag minimization is critical to increase range and reduce operating costs. Lift and geometric constraints are added to the optimization problem to meet payload and rigidity constraints of the aircraft. Higher order methods in CFD simulations have proved to be a valuable tool and are expected to replace current second order CFD methods in the near future; therefore, exploring the use of higher order CFD methods in aerodynamic optimization is of great research interest and is one goal of this thesis.
Gradient-based optimization techniques are well known for fast convergence, but they are only local minimizers; therefore their results depend on the starting point in the design space. The gradient-independent optimization techniques can find the global minimum of an objective function but require vast computational effort; therefore, for global optimization with reasonable computational cost, a hybrid optimization strategy is needed.
A new least-squares based geometry parametrization is used to describe airfoil shapes and a semi-torsional spring analogy mesh morphing tool updates the grid everywhere when the airfoil geometry changes during shape optimization.
For the gradient based optimization scheme, both second and fourth order simulations have been used to compute the objective function; the adjoint approach, well known for its low computational cost, has been used for gradient computation and matches well with finite difference gradient. The gradient based optimizer have been tested for subsonic and transonic inverse design problems and for drag minimization without and with lift constraint to validate the developed optimizer. The optimization scheme used is Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) with the BFGS approximation of the Hessian matrix. A mesh refinement study is presented for an aerodynamically constrained drag minimization problem to show how second and fourth order optimal results behave with mesh refinement.
A hybrid particle swarm / BFGS scheme has been developed for use as a global optimizer. It has been tested on a drag minimization problem with lift constraint; the hybrid scheme obtained a shock free profiles, while gradient-based optimization could not in general.Applied Science, Faculty ofMechanical Engineering, Department ofGraduat
Higher Order Two Dimensional Aerodynamic Optimization Using Unstructured Grids and Adjoint Sensitivity Computations
No full textReproduction biotechnology in buffaloes: optimization of synchronization protocol for target breeding
No full textThe achievement of early cyclicity after calving is of vital importance in
maintaining a dairy industry. Post-partum anoestrous in buffalo is a major cause of
long calving interval and infertility resulting in economic loss to buffalo breeders.
For sustainable breeding program it is necessary to identify an oestrous
synchronization treatment that is more reliable for successful pregnancy after
artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen. Two experiments were carried out to
evaluate the efficacy of an Ovsynch protocol (GnRH + PGF 2α + GnRH) for oestrous
synchronization and subsequent AI fertility in water buffaloes of two countries (Italy
and Bangladesh). The aim of the first experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of an
Ovsynch protocol with two GnRH analogues (Buserelin and Gonadorelin acetate)
and at two times of administration (AM and PM) for synchronization of ovulation
and fixed–timed AI using sexed frozen semen in Italian Mediterranean buffalo cows.
Thirty-two Mediterranean postpartum buffaloes cows were used for this study. All
animals were inseminated by AI with 2.5 million live (4million total) sex-sorted
frozen thawed spermatozoa (X-chromosome bearing spermatozoa) within 18 to 21
hours after using of 2nd GnRH. Vaginal electrical impedance (VEI), vulvar and
perivulvar temperatures were recorded at different stages of synchronization
protocol to asses oestrous. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography
after 42 days of AI. The pregnancy rate was 37.50 % when Buserelin was used for
synchronization, whereas the pregnancy rate was 50% when hormones were
administered at morning. Vaginal Electric Impedance decreased and vulvar
temperature, recorded with thermocamera, increased during administration of
second dose of GnRH, when buffaloes were supposed to be in oestrous. However,
the first study served as a basis for further study on time and type of treatment with
GnRH on synchronization of estrus and ovulation to improve pregnancy rate as well
as reproductive quality in Mediterranean buffalo cows.
6
In second experiment, a total of 114 lactating Bangladeshi Indigenous buffalo cows were used to study the efficiency of Ovsynch protocol for oestrous and fertility after AI with frozen semen of Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. The effect of some factors such as follicles and corpus luteum numbers, postpartum period on the fertility of synchronized Bangladeshi water buffaloes was also studied. Buffaloes were selected from two different areas in Bangladesh and were divided into three groups. Buffaloes of each group were subdivided as AM and PM according to time of administration of hormones of synchronization protocols. Among three groups, higher pregnancy rate (78% in AM) was observed in buffaloes of Group-3 where Ovsynch protocol was combined with a third GnRH injection at the time of AI. Similar to first experiment, we observed higher pregnancy rate (74 %) in buffaloes received induction treatment and insemination at AM time than that of PM counterpart (63%). Regarding the post–partum days, pregnancy rate was higher (77%) in buffaloes received induction treatment at 90 to 180 days between calving to ovulation induction than that of more than 180 days (66%). We did not observe any significant difference in pregnancy rate in buffaloes with (59%) or without (57.1%) CL at the time of synchronization. In addition, this study did not show any significant in regards to follicles and CL numbers in both pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes. This study results that time of day should considered during administration of hormones for Ovsynch protocols. The findings of the study suggests that Ovsynch protocol can be successfully used for selective breeding program of Bangladeshi Water buffaloes and a third injection of GnRH during AI could help to improve pregnancy rate of water buffaloes when inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. The genetic improvement resulting from AI with frozen-thawed semen in synchronized buffaloes could bring a significant economic gain for farmers of dairy industr
Usefulness of red cell distribution width in predicting all-cause long-term mortality after non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
No full textBackground: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, stroke and acute myocardial infarction. The aim of our study was to explore the predictive value of RDW on all-cause mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Method: This observational study includes 619 NSTEMI patients, discharged from Staten Island University Hospital between September 2004 and December 2006. Patients were divided into equal RDW tertiles and survival was evaluated in each tertile. Result: Patients in the highest RDW tertile (RDW andgt;14) had higher in-patient (7 vs. 1percent) and 4-year (30 vs. 7percent) mortality rates compared to those in the lowest tertile (RDW andlt;13) (Wilcoxon χ 2 = 34.64, p andlt; 0.0001). After controlling for Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk profile scores and other confounding variables, the RDW adjusted hazard ratio for 4-year all-cause mortality increased by 1.10 for each one unit increase in RDW (confidence interval 1.004-1.213, p = 0.042). Conclusion: RDW is an independent predictor of all-cause long-term mortality in NSTEMI patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of this association between RDW and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.Allen LA, 2010, J CARD FAIL, V16, P230, DOI 10.1016-j.cardfail.2009.11.003; Ani C, 2009, J NEUROL SCI, V277, P103, DOI 10.1016-j.jns.2008.10.024; Anker SD, 2009, NEW ENGL J MED, V361, P2436, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa0908355; [Anonymous], 1968, JAMA, V203, P407; Azab B, 2010, AM J CARDIOL, V106, P470, DOI 10.1016-j.amjcard.2010.03.062; BESSMAN JD, 1983, AM J CLIN PATHOL, V80, P322; Beutler E, 2006, BLOOD, V107, P1747, DOI 10.1182-blood-2005-07-3046; Cecchi E, 2009, INT J CARDIOL, V134, P189, DOI 10.1016-j.ijcard.2008.01.039; Dabbah S, 2010, AM J CARDIOL, V105, P312, DOI 10.1016-j.amjcard.2009.09.027; Felker GM, 2007, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V50, P40, DOI 10.1016-j.jacc.2007.02.067; Forhecz Z, 2009, AM HEART J, V158, P659, DOI 10.1016-j.ahj.2009.07.024; Granger CB, 2003, ARCH INTERN MED, V163, P2345, DOI 10.1001-archinte.163.19.2345; Halis H, 2009, PEDIATR HEMAT ONCOL, V26, P108, DOI 10.1080-08880010902754909; Lee WS, 2010, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V134, P505, DOI 10.1043-1543-2165-134.4.505.c; Libby P, 2001, AM J CARDIOL, V88, p3J; Lippi G, 2008, SCAND J CLIN LAB INV, V68, P745, DOI 10.1080-00365510802213550; Nemeth E, 2004, J CLIN INVEST, V113, P1271, DOI 10.1172-JCI200420945; Parsons R, 1996, J CHROMATOGR B, V686, P177, DOI 10.1016-S0378-4347(96)00186-7; Poludasu S, 2009, THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, V102, P581, DOI 10.1160-TH09-02-0127; Reggiori G, 2009, CRIT CARE MED, V37, P3041, DOI 10.1097-CCM.0b013e3181b02b3f; Rueda-Clausen CF, 2009, MEDIAT INFLAMM, DOI 10.1155-2009-469169; Savov Y, 2006, CLIN HEMORHEOL MICRO, V35, P129; Semba RD, 2010, CLIN NUTR, V29, P600, DOI 10.1016-j.clnu.2010.03.001; Tang EW, 2007, AM HEART J, V153, P29, DOI 10.1016-j.ahj.2006.10.004; Tonelli M, 2008, CIRCULATION, V117, P163, DOI 10.1161-CIRCULATIONAHA.107.727545; TRACEY KJ, 1988, J EXP MED, V167, P1211, DOI 10.1084-jem.167.3.1211; van Kimmenade RRJ, 2010, EUR J HEART FAIL, V12, P129, DOI 10.1093-eurjhf-hfp179; Wiwanitkit V, 2004, CLIN APPL THROMB-HEM, V10, P175, DOI 10.1177-107602960401000208; WOLTERS K, 2009, WINTROBES CLIN HEMAT, P323262
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