253 research outputs found
Predicting the variability of copper and zinc in leaf and soil of oil palm planted on A 12 HA land using geospatial information system technology
No full textOil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important economic tree crops in the tropic. However, more than 95 % of oil palms grown in Southeast Asia are on acid, low fertility and highly weathered soils. Optimum value of micronutrients in the soil was required to enhance the efficiency of use of macro-nutrients. Hence, to observe and predict the fertility status of the oil palm plantation area, a 12 hectare study site was used and a total of 60 geo-referenced soil and leaf samples were collected for determinations of pH and selected micronutrients of Cu and Zn content. The data were explored and mapped using geostatistic and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area had acidic type of soil with pH ranged from 3.25-5.85. The analysis showed that almost 78% of the study area had high content of Cu in soil, while another 22% of area was low to moderate in Cu. However, Cu content in leaf were categorized as insufficient as 100% of the area was observed to have Cu less than 3 ppm. About 80% of the study area showed a low to moderate content of Zn in soil, while another 20% of area showed a high content of Zn. Zinc content in leaf ranged from optimum to high categories. However, this value did not reach the excess level of Zn (50 ppm). These results suggest that, this plantation area need a site specific management approach in order to increase its crop productivity in regards to nutrient management. As a preliminary recommendation, a zone management practice would be applied in future as it is beneficial in term of protecting the environment from excessive fertilizer
Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ahmed Al-Khatib Al-Tamrtashi Al-Ghazi and his impact on Hanafi jurisprudence
No full textMuhammad bin Abdullah bin Ahmed Al-Khatib Al-Tamrtashi Al-Ghazi and his impact on Hanafi jurisprudence.
Mohamed Abdel Rahim Ismail Khaseeb.
Mr. Dr. Husam Al-Din bin Musa Afana.
This thesis dealt with the biography of Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Ahmed al-Khatib al-Tamrtashi al-Ghazzi and its impact on Hanafi jurisprudence. It began with the introduction about al-Tamartashi preacher, and presented a comprehensive study about: his name, lineage, birth, teachers, trips, Scientists' recommendations, his pupils and the Tamartash family. It also showed his writings, the year of his death, then it mentioned his impact in the Hanafi jurisprudence, showed the sources of the preacher, and what he accepted and rejected.
The thesis explained the importance of his book "Tanweer Al-Absar Wa Jam'a Al-Behar" and showed how Tmartashi preacher was influenced by Hanafi jurisprudence. It also presented the advantages of the Hanafi jurisprudence that characterized it from other jurisprudences, including: strictness in accepting the hadiths which is from one narrator, expansion of measurement and approval, expansion of doctrinal tricks, and hypothetical jurisprudence.
The thesis showed the approved doctrine books and unapproved ones which Tmartashi preacher was influenced. It also dealt with the terms of the Hanafi doctrine. And then I started to mention some of the issues in which the preacher completely disagreed with the Hanafi doctrine and sided with another opinion or agreed the doctrine, but he had his own opinion in it, either it is an effective addition or omission.
The issues began to mention the saying of al-Tamrashi by presenting his opinion first, then the approved opinion in hanafi jurisprudence. After that I mentioned the opinion of other schools: Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali, and remembering the best opinion which is based on the legitimate evidence. Some issues have an introduction explaining the terms of the issue.
In this study, I concluded that there is a difference, and a clear impact between the al-Khatib al-Tamrashi and the Hanafi doctrine, he was a jurist of Hanafi doctrine. His book "Tanweer Al-Absar Wa Jam'a Al-Behar" is adopted in the doctrine which is one of the basic references in the doctrine. I found out that al-Tamrashi followed the same sources of the doctrine, but he was ahead of Abu Hanifa and his companions, and the contradiction between him and the doctrine because of the hadiths that al-Tamrashi took andتناولت هذه الرسالة سيرة محمد بن عبد الله بن أحمد الخطيب التمرتاشي الغزي وأثره في الفقه الحنفي، حيث بدأت هذه الرسالة بالتعريف بالخطيب التمرتاشي، وأجملت دراسة شاملة عنه فيما يخص اسمه، ونسبه، ومولده، وشيوخه، ورحلاته، وثناء العلماء عليه، وعرفت بتلامذته، وبالعائلة التمرتاشية، وبينت مؤلفاته، وسنة وفاته، ثم ذكرت أثر الخطيب التمرتاشي، وبينت الأصول عند الخطيب في الفقه الحنفي، والموافقة والمخالفة بينهما، ثم شرحت أهمية كتابه تنوير الأبصار وجامع البحار، وبينت مدى تأثر الخطيب التمرتاشي في أصول المذهب الحنفي، وكيفية تأثيرها عليه، فعرضت خصائص المذهب الحنفي التي امتاز بها عن المذاهب الأخرى ومنها: التشدد في قبول أحاديث الآحاد، التوسع في القياس والاستحسان، التوسع في الحيل الفقهية، والفقه الافتراضي.
ثم بعدها كتب المذهب وتأثر الخطيب التمرتاشي بها إذ هي كتب معتمدة، وكتب غير معتمدة، وثم مصطلحات المذهب الحنفي.
وبعدها في ذكر بعض من المسائل التي خالف فيها الخطيب التمرتاشي المذهب الحنفي بشكل كلي وانحاز لرأي آخر بعيداً عن مذهبه، أو وافق المذهب ولكن كان له رأي فيها إما بزيادة مؤثرة عما قاله المذهب، وإما بنقصان انتقصه الخطيب التمرتاشي، وبدأت المسائل في ذكر قول التمرتاشي بعرض رأيه أولاً، ثم ذكر المعتمد في الفقه الحنفي، ثم ذكر أقوال المذاهب الأخرى، وهم: المالكية، والشافعية، والحنابلة، وتذكر الراجح في المسألة اعتماداً على الرأي الأقوى حسب الاحتجاجات بالأدلة الشرعية، وتذكر الدراسة في بعض الأحيان في المسألة توطئة شارحةً لبعض مفاهيم المسألة.
وخلصت في هذه الدراسة إلى أن هناك اختلاف، وأثر واضح بين الخطيب التمرتاشي والمذهب الحنفي، وهو عالم فقيه من فقهاء الحنفية، وكتابه "تنوير الأبصار وجامع البحار" معتمد في المذهب، ويعد من المراجع الأساسية في المذهب، وقد تبين أن الخطيب سار على نفس أصول المذهب، ولكنه متقدم عن أبي حنيف
Managing phosphorus : under acid soils environment
No full textMalaysia lies within the world’s humid tropical region with high
humidity, abundant annual rainfall (2,000-3,000 mm), and very little
variation in temperature (averaging 27°C). As a result, the soils
are highly weathered with low pH, high in aluminium (Al), and of
poor nutrient status. These soils are inherently low in water-, diluted
acid- or alkali-soluble phosphorus (P) with values of less than 10
mg P kg-1 (Owen, 1947; 1953), while total soil P for soils suitable
for agriculture practices is commonly less than 300 mg P kg-1 soil
(Law and Tan, 1973). Consequently, P deficiency is widespread
and P fertilisers are required to improve the fertility status of the
soil for crop production.
Phosphorus is one of the major elements for plant nutrition and
is usually taken up by plants in relatively smaller amounts compared
to nitrogen (N) or potassium (K). Phasphorus occurs in plants in
numerous forms, such as phosphorylated sugars and alcohols, and
as phospholipids which have a wide range of functions (Tisdale
and Nelson, 1975). The main function is in energy transfer as a
component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). On hydrolysis, the
high energy pyrophosphate bond in ATP releases energy to drive
other plant processes, such as those involved in the active uptake
of plant nutrients.
Although the nutrient status of Malaysian soils is poor, especially
for P, a substantial amount of Malaysia’s income (RM 55.0 billion)
is expected to be derived from agricultural activities in 2010 (Wong,
2007). The major export contributors (54.5% of total agricultural
exports) are oil palm, rubber, cocoa, tea, and pepper crops which
are planted in the estate and sub-estate sectors. The success of such
plantation-based crops in Malaysia depends on chemical fertiliser
inputs, such as that of N, P, and K
Effect of potassium on growth, yield and quality of pineapple in tropical peat
No full textUne expérimentation a été conduite en champ pour étudier les effets du potassium (k) sur la croissance de plantes, ainsi que sur le rendement et la qualité du fruit de l\u27ananas cultivé sur de la tourbe en zone tropicale. Six doses de K (0, 266, 532, 798, 1064 et 1330 kg.ha-1 K2O) ont été appliquées à chacune de deux plantations de cv. \u27Gandul\u27 localisées sur deux sites différents. Les dispositifs expérimentaux ont été ceux de blocs en randomisation complète avec trois répétitions. Quel que soit le site, l\u27application de K n\u27a eu aucun effet significatif sur la hauteur de la plante et son nombre de feuilles. Le potassium a influencé de manière significative le diamètre de fruit au site 1 et la longueur du fruit et son poids au site 2. L\u27application de 266 kg.ha-1 K2O a permis d\u27obtenir le poids de fruit le plus élevé et, au site 2, des doses supérieures de K l\u27ont diminué. Le potassium n\u27a eu aucun effet significatif sur le sucre et l\u27acidité du fruit. Cependant, au site 2, la teneur en acide a eu tendance à augmenter avec des applications accrues de K. Les applications de potassium à fortes doses ont tendu à diminuer la plupart des caractéristiques de croissance et de rendement des ananas \u27Gandul\u27 cultivés sur sol tourbeux en Malaisie
Nutrient supply and dry-matter partitioning of pineapple cv. Josapine on sandy tin tailings
No full textIntroduction. Their physical and chemical properties make sandy tin tailings unsuitable for agricultural purposes without proper fertilizer and crop management practices. An attempt was made to use these tailings for sustainable production of pineapple using fertilization and irrigation techniques. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effect of ground sucker size and levels of fertilizer used on yield and nutrient accumulation in plant components of pineapple cv. Josapine grown on sandy tin tailings. Materials and methods. Three fertilizer levels (plot 1, plot 2 and plot 3) containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu in solution and three classes of ground suckers (> 70 cm, 70–40 cm and 70 cm) and 96 g·plant–1 (size < 70 cm), respectively. Total dry matter accumulation was greater (26%) for plot 1 than for plots 2 and 3. Substantial amounts of the dry matter accumulation occurred in leaves (45.0%) and fruit (34.0%) and less in stems (16.0%) and roots (5%). A similar pattern was also observed for the total (major and micro-) nutrient accumulation in the plant components. Besides the fruit parameters, the length of the pineapple stem is an important factor affecting the yield of pineapple, either expressed on a fresh (R2 = 0.904***) or dry (R2 = 0.855***) weight basis. Conclusion. Ground sucker size is a very important factor for successful production of a high fruit yield and quality of pineapple planted on sandy tin tailings
Preparation and characterization of encapsulated Burkholderia cepacia UPMB3
No full textEncapsulation is a process of entrapping an active ingredient to shield it from adverse environmental conditions. Encapsulation of biological control agents (BCAs) enables the creation of a microenvironment wherein the viability of the cell can be maintained during storage, controlled release, and easy delivery. This study aimed to develop an optimum formulation involving the encapsulation of Burkholderia cepacia UPMB3 in alginate and montmorillonite (MMT) clay to improve physical property of the beads and also enhance the viability and shelf life of B. cepacia UPMB3. Encapsulation technique through extrusion process was used to prepare the B. cepacia UPMB3 beads. Alginate was used as carrier while MMT as a filler in order to produce the beads. In liquid form, B. cepacia UPMB3 was found to be easily contaminated, and handling and storage were difficult. This research demonstrates a new direction for the formulation of BCAs for improved cell viability, storage, and delivery
Nutrition et répartition de la matière sèche chez l\u27ananas cv Josapine cultivé sur sols à résidus d\u27étains
No full textIntroduction. Les propriétés physiques et chimiques rendent les sols à résidus d\u27étains peu favorables à l\u27agriculture s\u27il n\u27y a pas une gestion appropriée de la culture et de la fertilisation. Un essai a tenté d\u27utiliser ces sols pour une production durable de l\u27ananas en appliquant certaines techniques de fertilisation et d\u27irrigation. L\u27objectif de l\u27étude a donc été de déterminer l\u27effet de la dimension du rejet souterrain planté et de la fertilisation utilisée sur le rendement et sur l\u27accumulation d\u27éléments nutritifs dans diverses parties de plants d\u27ananas cv. Josapine développés sur sols à résidus d\u27étain. Matériel et méthodes. Trois niveaux de fertilisation (parcelles 1, 2 et 3) contenant différentes solutions de N, P, K, Ca, Mg et Cu et trois classes de rejets souterrains (> 70 cm, 70-40 cm et < 70 cm) ont été utilisés. Les traitements ont été disposés en blocs complets randomisés à trois répétitions, à raison de 32 plants par parcelle testée. Chacune de ces parcelles a reçu une quantité semblable de Fe, B, Mn, Zn et Mo. A la récolte, chaque plant a été divisé en fruit, feuilles, tige et racines. Le rendement de matière sèche et la teneur minérale de chaque partie des plants d\u27ananas ont été analysés et enregistrés. Résultats et discussion. Les poids de matière sèche le plus élevé et le plus bas ont été de 397 g-plant-1 pour les rejets > 70 cm et de 96 g.plant-1 pour les rejets < 70 cm. L\u27accumulation de matière sèche totale a été plus importante (26%) pour la parcelle 1 que pour les parcelles 2 et 3. Une accumulation significative de matière sèche a eu lieu dans des feuilles (45,0%) et le fruit (34,0%); elle a été moindre dans la tige (16,0%) et les racines (5%). Une répartition semblable des éléments nutritifs a été aussi observée pour l\u27accumulation totale des macro et micro éléments minéraux dans les différentes parties du plant. Outre certains paramètres du fruit, la longueur de la tige d\u27ananas a été un facteur important qui a affecté le rendement de l\u27ananas exprimé en poids frais (R2 = 0,904***) ou en poids sec (R2 = 0,855***). Conclusion. La dimension du rejet souterrain planté est un facteur très important pour une production de fruits à haut rendement et de bonne qualité pour des ananas plantés sur sols à résidus d\u27étains
Effect of potassium on growth, yield and quality of pineapple in tropical peat
No full textIntroduction. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of
potassium (K) on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of pineapple cultivated on tropical peat soil.
Materials and methods. Six levels of K: 0, 266, 532, 798, 1064 and 1330 kgha-1 K2O
were applied at each of two pineapple plantations located at two different sites. The experiments were
conducted with the Gandul cv. in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results and
discussion. The application of K had not any significant effect on plant height and leaf number of
pineapple at both sites. Potassium significantly influenced the fruit diameter at site 1, and fruit length
and fruit weight at site 2. The application of 266 kgha-1 K2O resulted in the highest fruit
weight and, at site 2, further increase of K declined it. Potassium had no significant effect on fruit
sugar and acidity. However, at site 2, acid content tended to increase with increased K applications.
Conclusion. Potassium applications at high rates tended to depress most of the growth and yield
attributes of cv. Gandul pineapple cultivated on peat soil in Malaysia
Phosphogypsum Organic, a Byproduct from Rare-Earth Metals Processing, Improves Plant and Soil
No full textPhosphogypsum organic (PG organic) is a soil conditioner, derived from residues, water leach purification (WLP) and neutralisation underflow (NUF) from rare-earth metals processing in combination with composted organic material. There was no report available with regards to the effectiveness of this byproduct for crops improvement in a sandy soil texture. Therefore, a field trial involving a multi-crop was conducted by the addition of PG organic on a sandy texture soil for 23-month period. Guinea grass or guinea grass intercropping with teak wood trees, corn and kenaf showed an improvement in cumulative fresh yield in plot treated with PG organic either with a half- or full-fertilizer recommended rate for the respective crop as compared to control. The same trend was also observed in teak wood trees in hole planting systems and pandan coconut seedlings in the polybags. Application of PG organic in each season showed a consistently higher cumulative fresh yield or yield for certain crop types due to soil ability to maintain the soil pH buffering capacity (pH 5.8–6.0). Therefore, the application of PG organic as soil conditioner promotes plant growth and development due to the improvement of soil condition by creating suitable ecosystem for nutrients absorption by roots
Mycelial growth interactions and mannan-degrading enzyme activities from fungal mixed cultures grown on palm kernel cake
No full textPalm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of the palm kernel oil extraction process contains mannan as its main polysaccharide. Mixed culture microbial degradation may enhance mannan-degrading enzymes production. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine the nature of mycelial interactions and corresponding production of mannan-degrading enzymes of PKC. Fungal interactions was carried out using Sclerotium rolfsii and Aspergillus niger co-cultured with three Trichoderma strains (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longiobrachiatum and Trichoderma koningii) on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in disposable petri-dishes. Measurements of growth diameters were taken on days 2 and 13. For mannan-degrading enzyme production, single and co-cultures of these fungi were carried out under submerged cultivation for 13 days with PKC as the carbon source. About 57% of observed interactions on PDA were deadlock, 29% replacement and 14% intermingling. In Trichoderma sp./A. niger mixed cultures, there was an overall significant enhancement of enzyme: 2 to 200 fold (β-D-mannanase), 8 to 25 fold (β-mannosidase) and from no change to 15 fold increase (α-galactosidase). There was no obvious relationship between enzyme production and protein yield. However, co-culturing of A. niger with the Trichoderma strains showed an enhancement of mannan-degrading enzyme activities without reducing biomass yield
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