35 research outputs found
Impact of climatic changes on future irrigation water requirement in the Middle East and North Africa's region: a case study of upper Egypt
No full textAbstract Freshwater shortages in the Middle East and North Africa's region (MENA) cause serious issues, while climate change causes even more issues. The current study examines how climate change may impact future irrigation requirements in Egypt's Upper Region using the medium greenhouse emission RCP 4.5 and high emission RCP 8.5 scenarios. Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Fifth Assessment Report, the climatic projections for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 for the years 2023–2080 and 2081–2100 were used to determine the patterns of temperature and rainfall in the upper Egypt territory. The CROPWAT model was employed to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) for the upper Egypt territory key crops sugar cane, potatoes, berseem clover (alfalfa), dry bean, wheat, cotton, maize, and tomato based on the predicted meteorological conditions. Five different scenarios for the key crops' future irrigation needs were calculated. The results reveal that under RCP 4.5 greenhouse emission for the periods 2023–2080 and 2081–2100, respectively, the overall NIWR for all examined crops increases by 5.1 and 5.9% in comparison to the current (2022) total NIWR for all crops. The total NIWR for all crops analyzed increases by 7.7 and 9.7% under the RCP 8.5 greenhouse emission scenario for the periods 2023–2080 and 2081–2100, respectively, in contrast to the current total NIWR for all crops. It is important to consider changes in water resource management in the MENA region, such as applying modern irrigation systems, using crop pattern rotation strategies with minimal water demands, and changing crop calendars or the times and locations of cropping activities
Assessing surface water uses by water quality index: application of Qalyubia Governorate, Southeast Nile Delta, Egypt
No full textAbstract In this study, water quality index (WQI) was applied at one of the most crowded Nile reaches surroundings in Egypt to investigate its impacts on different water uses. Twelve sites are selected for monitoring (S1–S12) within the irrigation system network of the Qalyubia Governorate, and water samples from these locations in 2021 were collected, analyzed, assessed, and compared to analyze water quality data collected in 2014 in light of the Egyptian permissible water quality limits regarding the drinking and irrigation uses. These two main sets of data were chosen to emphasize the change in WQI within this period, denoting the time before the epidemic COVID19 and after the lockdown of the epidemic in 2021 in the study area. Fifteen physicochemical water parameters were measured. The results show that the WQI for the surface water monitoring sites is classified as good quality except for S8, which showed a poor water quality type. In addition, S2 has recorded a BOD concentration of 6.4 mg/L, which is slightly above the Egyptian limit (6 mg/L). Also, S8 recorded a slight increase in Fe, Mn, and F compared to permissible concentrations. TDS varies between 258.08, 318, and (249 ± 18.2) mg/L for minimum, maximum, and average ± standard deviation, respectively, indicating suitable irrigation water. The study suggests that surface water can be used to irrigate crops, but it should be purified before being used for drinking purposes. A comparison of the water quality parameters for the years 2014 and 2021 for the sites S1, S4, S5, S7, S9, and S10 reveals an increase in water quality from poor (2014) to good (2021). Therefore, the poor water quality in 2014 can be referred the effect of inadequate sewage treatment, industrial wastewater flows, and urban runoff discharge, which had been decreased with the decrease in different activities during the epidemic period and lockdown
Groundwater quality evaluation for drinking and irrigation uses in Dayrout city Upper Egypt
No full textAfter Nile water, Groundwater is the major water resources in Dayrout, Upper Egypt. So, checking groundwater quality is of a high priority for insuring health. In this study, water quality index (WQI), its correlation with the water quality parameters, and Gibbs and Piper diagrams were used to analyze groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Groundwater levels fluctuation with physiochemical parameters of thirty boreholes are recorded and analyzed from January to August 2016. The boreholes water levels show seasonal variations of about 2.3 m. (WQI) values showed low groundwater quality for drinking within urban area west of the Ibrahimmia Canal. Whereas in the east of Ibrahimmia Canal has good (WQI) values but needs disinfection, within drinking limits. All the boreholes show good indices for irrigation water quality. Gibbs and Piper diagrams are presented with major samples falling into rock dominance and belonging respectively to hydro-geochemical facies of Mg Ca HCO3
Precision agriculture technologies for food security and sustainability Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies (AEEGT) book series./ [edited by] Sherine M. Abd El-Kader, Basma M. Mohammad El-Basioni.
No full text"Premier Reference Source"--Cover.Includes bibliographical references and index."Precision agriculture integrates new technologies with the agronomic experience to intelligently manage the high spatial variability of all agricultural variables and the time scales at which these variables change. The right application of this approach increases the size and quality of the agricultural production; saves resources; improves environmental quality; helps to achieve self-sufficiency, food security, and agricultural sustainability; increases exports; and more. Precision Agriculture Technologies for Food Security and Sustainability is an essential reference source that compiles a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of current research in the field of precision agriculture. It also discusses cutting-edge tools and models that can help facilitate and improve the systems implementation. Featuring coverage of a wide range of topics including agronomy, public policy, and internet of things, this book is ideally designed for agriculturalists, government officials, economists, environmentalists, academicians, researchers, students, and engineers in the fields of electronics, ICT, and agriculture"--Introduction. Introduction to precision agriculture : overview, concepts, world interest, policy, and economics / Akalpita Tendulkar -- Precision agriculture : a new tool for development / Waleed Fouad Abobatta -- Enabling technologies. An overview of internet of things technology applied on precision agriculture concept / Reinaldo Padilha França [and three others] -- Towards fully automated decision-making systems for precision agriculture : soil sensing technologies : "the missing link" / Marios Sophocleous -- Emerging microwave technologies for agricultural and food processing / Kok Yeow You, Man Seng Sim, Suhail Najm Abdullah -- Applications and solutions. Precision agriculture : automated irrigation management platform using wireless sensor networks / Amine Dahane [and three others] -- On the use of artificial intelligence techniques in crop monitoring and disease identification / Muzaffer Kanaan, Rüştü Akay, Canset Koçer Baykara -- Precision management practices for legal cultivation of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) : precision management practices for cannabis cultivation / Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque, Farhat Abbas -- Predictable scenarios of fuzzy logic analysis for sprinkler irrigation control / Mohamed Elsayed Elhagarey, Mohamed M. Hushki, Szabo E. Istvan -- A web-based platform for crop-specific data management and exchange of farmers' experiences / Rosa Maria Gonzalez-Amaro, Miguel Angel Hidalgo-Reyes, Virginia Lagunes-Barradas -- Raising the efficiency of Seohen's model to predict soil resistance faced by chisel plow / Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy -- Agricultural systems analysis streamlining, modeling, and improvements : towards precision agronomics (economic and policy perspective). The role of the institutional, assistance, and source information analysis on food security and extension policy : case in Indonesia / Muhamad Rusliyadi -- Agricultural systems analysis streamlining, modeling, and improvements : towards precision agronomics (technological perspective). Importance of artificial environment conditions on plant biotechnology, plant growth, and secondary metabolites / Ahmed M.M. Gabr [and three others] -- Role of biotechnology in plant preservation for food security : in situ and ex situ preservation / Amal A. El-Ashry, Ahmed M.M. Gabr, Mohamed K. El Bahr -- Lipids in ruminant nutrition and its effect on human health / Eman H. Elsabaawy, Sawsan M. Gad.1 online resource (xix, 437 pages)
Assessment of irrigation management practices using FAO-CROPWAT 8, case studies: Tina Plain and East South El-Kantara, Sinai, Egypt
No full textThe present study aims to assess current irrigation management practices in two totally different soil types and climatic conditions case studies at Tina Plain (AER1) and East South El-Kantara (AER2), Egypt. Net irrigation water requirements (NIWR) for eight crops were computed using the FAO-CROPWAT8 model. The results showed increasing in NIWR of about 25% for cultivating crops in AER2 compared to AER1. The current free crop pattern indicated 22.5% potential water savings compared to available water resources under surface irrigation efficiency of 40% in AER1 (clay soil) and 60% for surface, drip, and sprinkler irrigation in AER2 (sandy soil). Different crop pattern scenarios were tested and their income optimization was computed. Suggested scenarios showed Greenbeans and Sugarbeet crops had the maximum income (44% water saving). Whereas, Berseem clover and Cotton had minimum income and can cause 24% water shortage. Improving irrigation efficiency and cultivating Greenbeans and Sugarbeet are recommended
Effect of Task Specific Exercises, Gait Training, and Visual Biofeedback on Equinovarus Gait among Individuals with Stroke: Randomized Controlled Study
No full textBackground and Purpose. Equinovarus foot is a common sign after stroke. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on correcting equinovarus gait among individuals with stroke. Subjects and Methods. Sixteen subjects with ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to two equal groups (G1 and G2). All the patients were at stage 4 of motor recovery of foot according to Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment without any cognitive dysfunction. E-med pedography was used to measure contact time, as well as force underneath hind and forefoot during walking. Outcome measures were collected before randomization, one week after the last session, and four weeks later. Participants in G1 received task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback and a traditional physical therapy program was applied for participants in G2 for 8 weeks. Results. Significant improvement was observed among G1 patients (P≤0.05) which lasts one month after therapy termination. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between measurements of the participants in G2. Between groups comparison also revealed a significant improvement in G1 with long lasting effect. Conclusion. The results of this study showed a positive long lasting effect of the task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on equinovarus gait pattern among individuals with stroke
Effect of Task Specific Exercises, Gait Training, and Visual Biofeedback on Equinovarus Gait among Individuals with Stroke: Randomized Controlled Study
No full textBackground and Purpose. Equinovarus foot is a common sign after stroke. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on correcting equinovarus gait among individuals with stroke. Subjects and Methods. Sixteen subjects with ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to two equal groups (G 1 and G 2 ). All the patients were at stage 4 of motor recovery of foot according to Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment without any cognitive dysfunction. E-med pedography was used to measure contact time, as well as force underneath hind and forefoot during walking. Outcome measures were collected before randomization, one week after the last session, and four weeks later. Participants in G 1 received task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback and a traditional physical therapy program was applied for participants in G 2 for 8 weeks. Results. Significant improvement was observed among G 1 patients ( ≤ 0.05) which lasts one month after therapy termination. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between measurements of the participants in G 2 . Between groups comparison also revealed a significant improvement in G 1 with long lasting effect. Conclusion. The results of this study showed a positive long lasting effect of the task specific exercises, gait training, and visual biofeedback on equinovarus gait pattern among individuals with stroke
Floating Wetlands for Sustainable Drainage Wastewater Treatment
No full textThe preservation of water resources in modern urbanized society is a major concern. In this study, a floating constructed wetland (FWT) pilot plant was designed and constructed for the treatment of a polluted wastewater drain. A series of experiments were run continuously for a year in pilot-scale FWTs in a semi-arid area located in Egypt’s Delta. Four aquatic plant species (Eichhornia, Ceratophyllum, Pistia stratiotes, and Nymphaea lotus) were used to assess the performance of FWTs for pollutant removals, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS), from drainage wastewater to reuse the treated effluent in irrigation practices. The FWT systems were fed drainage tainted water on a weekly basis, and the concentrations and removal efficiency were assessed in the experiments. The average reduction in BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, TN, EC, and TP were 76–86%, 61–80%, 87–95%, 36.6–44.1%, 70–97%, 37–44%, and 83–96%, respectively. ANOVA with Post-HOC t-tests show that the Eichhornia, Pistia stratiotes, and Nymphaea lotus have the highest BOD and COD removal performance, whereas Pistia stratiotes and Nymphaea lotus have the highest TN and TP removal performance. In all cases, the Nymphaea lotus performed well in terms of pollutant removal. In addition, a design procedure for a FWT systems is presented. For wastewater treatment, FWT systems have proven to be a low-cost, long-term option
Determination of the Canal Discharge Capacity Ratio and Roughness to Assess Its Maintenance Status: Application in Egypt
No full textWaterlogging and soil salinity issues can be handled using surface or subsurface drainage networks, soil bed elevation, and soil and crop management patterns. A properly operating and maintained drainage system is important for both rural and urban inhabitants to protect lives and property from flooding and high groundwater levels, enhance health conditions, and safeguards water purity, soil salinity, and waterlogging. It also supports and increases crop yields and consequently rural incomes. This study assessed the maintenance condition of the main surface drains (Baloza and ELFarama) located in the Tina Plain (50,000 acres) and a portion of the Southeast El-Kantara regions (25,000 acres) in North Sinai, Egypt, based on the values of the Discharge Capacity Ratio (DCR) and Manning’s roughness (n). Ten measurement locations at the drain cross-section were used in the investigation. For the ELFarama Drain, the average values of n and DCR were found to be 0.029 and 86.2%, and for the Baloza Drain, they were 0.032 and 78.6%, respectively. Compared to the design values, the actual Manning’s roughness was higher, indicating that the drainage canals’ capacities had been reduced and that their upkeep was inadequate. In both drains, sedimentation is present and they need to be maintained, according to the hydrographic surveying results for the actual cross-sections compared to the planned cross-sections. A methodology for the channel maintenance method is presented. For removing vegetation and dredging sediment, a long-boom mechanical hydraulic excavator with a bucket is suggested and to be conducted every two years. To the results of this study, the amount of weed infestation in vegetated channels is the main factor that affects Manning’s roughness coefficient value. It is now easier to calculate the proportion of weeds that are submerged in vegetated channels using echo-sound sonar technology. The DCR is an affordable and simple methodology to assess the channel maintenance status for sustainable agriculture
Spirulina as an animal feed and its effect on animal health and productivity
No full textThe extraordinary increase in demand for animal protein such as meat, eggs, milk, and other animal products, as well as the large quantities of protein feed inputs required for animal production, have principally spurred research into spirulina as an animal feed. Spirulina (Athrospira sp.) is a highly nutritious edible microalga and a prospective feed supply for many agriculturally significant animal species. Animal growth, fertility, beauty, and nutritional product quality have all been linked to spirulina. Spirulina consumption has been related to improved animal health and well-being in studies. Because of its nutritious and protein-rich composition, its impact on animal development was significant, and commercial production was raised to suit consumer demand. As a result, Spirulina is emerging as a cost-effective resource for increasing animal output in order to achieve long-term sustainability and a viable food security future
