1,720,975 research outputs found
Vacuum extraction and autonomic balance in human infants
No full textThe impact of delivery mode on the cardiac autonomic balance was studied in a sample of 101 full term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) human infants. Cardiac autonomic balance was measured by assessing basic heart rate, and two indicators of vagal tone, the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) and Standard Deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN) as two different measures of short-term heart rate variability at 2, 6, and 16 weeks postnatal age. Sixty-seven infants were delivered spontaneously, 29 by cesarean section and five by vacuum extraction. Children delivered by vacuum extraction had a significantly lower basic heart rate (P=0.01), higher RMSSD (P=0.0003) and higher SDNN (P=0.0001) at two, but not at six and sixteen weeks, indicating a temporary elevation of cardiac vagal tone in these infants. These data indicate a potential transitory impact of vacuum extraction on autonomic balance persisting until at least two weeks postnatal age
Emotional availability in a sample of mothers with a history of abuse
No full textMaternal history of abuse has been proposed as a risk factor for child maltreatment, but the background of this "cycle of abuse" is as yet poorly understood. As a contribution toward a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this study analyzed whether emotional availability is altered by maternal experiences of physical or sexual abuse during their upbringing. Mothers were contacted by mail and presented with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. To form the index group, women who reached a cutoff for severe sexual and/or physical abuse and whose children were term babies with APGAR scores 7 were included in the study. The women were invited to the laboratory when their infants were 5 months old. Emotional availability was compared with a group of mother-infant pairs matched for infant gender, maternal education, marital status, number of infants, and birth weight. The results show that 5-month postnatal mothers with a history of physical or sexual abuse were significantly more intrusive toward their children than were control mothers
Postnatal medical complications and behavioral inhibition in the offspring
No full textIt has been suggested than behavioral inhibition is an important temperamental predictor for child, adolescent and even adult emotional development. Accordingly, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of pre, peri-, and postnatal complications on behavioral inhibition. Toddlers' behavioral inhibition was measured in a standardized laboratory procedure at 14 months postnatal age in 101 children. Medical complications were assessed by the Rutter Scales filled in by the examiner from in-patient records and the routine out-patient pregnancy documentations. Inclusion criteria were a birth weight above 2500g, gestational age 37 weeks or older and all APGAR scores had to be above 7. Postnatal complications assessed comprised icterus neonatorum, disorders of adaptation, infectious diseases and others. Medical complications in the postnatal but not pre-or perinatal period proved to significantly increase behavioral inhibition at fourteen months postnatal age. Preventive efforts for infant and child emotional development should take into consideration that children with neonatal complications appear to be at higher risk for internalising disorders in later life
Postnatal medical complications and behavioral inhibition in the offspring
No full textIt has been suggested than behavioral inhibition is an important temperamental predictor for child, adolescent and even adult emotional development. Accordingly, the aim of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of pre, peri-, and postnatal complications on behavioral inhibition. Toddlers' behavioral inhibition was measured in a standardized laboratory procedure at 14 months postnatal age in 101 children. Medical complications were assessed by the Rutter Scales filled in by the examiner from in-patient records and the routine out-patient pregnancy documentations. Inclusion criteria were a birth weight above 2500g, gestational age 37 weeks or older and all APGAR scores had to be above 7. Postnatal complications assessed comprised icterus neonatorum, disorders of adaptation, infectious diseases and others. Medical complications in the postnatal but not pre-or perinatal period proved to significantly increase behavioral inhibition at fourteen months postnatal age. Preventive efforts for infant and child emotional development should take into consideration that children with neonatal complications appear to be at higher risk for internalising disorders in later life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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