1,721,018 research outputs found
Application of acute MRI in patients with seizures as a possible paraclinical marker for epilepsy: A retrospective examination of MRIs of inpatients admitted with seizures at Aalborg University Hospital in 2015
No full textIntroduktion: En væsentlig differentialdiagnose til epilepsi er PNES (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures) som er en funktionel lidelse. Personer med PNES har symptomer der til forveksling kan ligne epileptiske anfald, men ikke er relateret til samtidige ændringer i hjernens elektriske aktivitet. I nogle tilfælde ses forbigående forandringer på MR-scanninger (postiktale forandringer) i forbindelse med epileptiske anfald, som menes at være ødem dannet på baggrund af de metaboliske processer i hjernevævet under epileptisk aktivitet. Formålet med aktuelle projekt er at kortlægge forekomsten og karakteren af postiktale forandringer på MR-scanninger hos akut indlagte patienter med epileptiske anfald og PNES. Metode: En retrospektiv gennemgang af journaloplysninger og scanningsfund hos 149 patienter der fik udført MR-scanning indenfor 14 dage efter indlæggelse pga. krampeanfald. Eksklusionskriterier: Patienter med kendt grundliggende hjernesygdom der potentielt kunne give signalændringer i hjerneparenkymet. I de tilfælde hvor der fandtes akutte forandringer på MR-scanningen som ikke kunne tilskrives nogen neurologisk lidelse, blev lokalisation, karakteristika og reversibilitet vurderet.Resultater: Af 116 indlæggelser inkluderet der blev vurderet som epileptiske anfald fandtes akutte forandringer på MR-scanning ikke relateret til kendt patologi i 12 tilfælde (10,3 %). 2 ud af 12 (16,7 %) fik i efterforløbet stillet en anden diagnose der kunne forklare forandringerne på MR-scanning. 10/114 (8,8 %) af akut indlagte med epileptisk anfald havde således forandringer på MR-scanning som ikke efterfølgende blev tilskrevet anden patologi. De postiktale forandringer var forsvundet hos 6 ud af de 10 som fik foretaget kontrolscanning. Blandt patienter med PNES fandtes ikke akutte forandringer i nogen tilfælde. Konklusion: 8,8 % af patienter med epileptisk anfald viste sig at have postiktale forandringer på MR-scanning, uden anden årsag til forandringerne som i alle undersøgte tilfælde var reversible. Det er muligt at tidlig MR-scanning kan bidrage til de eksisterende diagnostiske metoder i forbindelse med krampeanfald, men yderligere studier er nødvendige.Introduction: An epileptic seizure is a transient state caused by hypersynchronous or excessive neuronal activity usually self-limiting within minutes, but sometimes persistent and needing medical intervention. Diagnosing epilepsy is often challenging as it is a clinical diagnosis largely based on information given by random people present at the times of seizures and supplements to the existing diagnostic methods are needed. An important differential diagnosis is the functional disorder, PNES (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures), with symptoms that can easily be mistaken for an epileptic seizure, but not involving changes in the electrical activity in the brain. Delay and imprecision in the diagnosis of epilepsy and PNES can potentially bring serious and life-threatening consequences for the patient and economic consequences for society. In some cases of epileptic seizures transient abnormalities on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can be seen, which are considered to be caused by oedema due to the metabolic processes during epileptic activity. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of these postictal abnormalities on MRI in patients hospitalized due to epileptic seizures or PNES. One of the points of discussion is if better use of MRI in the early phase of seizures will lead to a faster and more precise diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective examination of medical journals and MRIs of inpatients at Aalborg University Hospital admitted in 2015 due to status epilepticus, single or clusters of seizures and PNES. Patients diagnosed with seizures related to alcohol or withdrawal in the current admission, patients with seizures related to known primary or secondary brain tumor and patients with new intracranial pathology occurring within 90 days before admission were excluded. Exclusion was based on the fact that these conditions potentially can lead to abnormal MRI changes that cannot be differentiated from postictal abnormalities. 149 patients from a database of 347 admissions due to seizures had an MRI within 14 days after admission. In cases with acute MRI abnormalities not attributable to a known neurological disorder, localisation, characteristics and reversibility of the abnormalities were noted along with type and duration of seizures. In addition, it was found out if the MRI abnormalities were attributed to another pathology at a later point.Results: Acute MRI abnormalities were found in 12 of 116 (10.3 %) cases of epileptic seizures. 2 of 12 (16.7 %) were given another diagnosis at a later point that could explain the abnormalities seen on MRI (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and sinus thrombosis respectively). Thus, 10 of 114 (8.8 %) patients acutely admitted with epileptic seizures had MRI abnormalities not subsequently attributed to another pathology. They were scanned between 0 and 86 hours after the time of admission, while the patients with epileptic seizures without postictal abnormalities were scanned between 0 and 330 hours after the time of admission. 6 of 10 patients with postictal MRI abnormalities had a control scan between 4 and 237 days after admission. In all cases the abnormalities had disappeared on the control scan. As expected, no acute MRI abnormalities were found among the 8 patients with PNES.Conclusion: 8.8 % of the included patients admitted in 2015 to Aalborg University Hospital due to epileptic seizure were shown to have postictal MRI abnormalities without other explanation for the abnormalities. In all subjects scanned afterwards, the abnormalities showed complete reversibility. I contrast, no acute MRI abnormalities were found among patients with PNES. It is possible that a better use of MRI in the early phase of seizures will lead to a faster and more precise diagnosis of epileptic seizures, but further research is needed. Future studies of postictal MRI abnormalities should be prospective, focus on the acute phase after a seizure and systemize the use of control scans to avoid some of the methodological issues encountered in the current study.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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