1,614 research outputs found
Pietro Verri’s Contribution to the Economic Theory of the 18th Century: Commercial Society, Civil Society and Governance of the Economy
No full text'Count Pietro Verri (1728-97) - Schumpeter writes (History, p. 178) - - would have to be included in any list of the greatest economists'. Within the Milanese school, he certainly stands out, alongside with Cesare Beccaria, during one of the most interesting periods from a history of analysis point of view. Luigi Cossa's famous introduction to the study of political economy rates Pietro Verri to be inferior to Beccaria in ingenuity and scientific cultivation, but greatly to be ahead of him as an economist.1 This judgement by Cossa, in particular, seems to echo the relative position of the two men in the history of ideas, particularly after Beccaria's rise to fame with a book - On crimes and punishments - which had in fact been largely inspired by Verri himself and defended by him.2 It is proposed in the present paper to revisit some of the basic tenets of Pietro Verri's political economy, with more in view than dwell on specific intuitions and theorems: namely relate those to Verri's own - quite original - conception of the economy. The scholarly work of Pietro Verri - with a special reference to his Meditazioni sulla economia politica of 1771 - provides the first systematic contribution stemming from the quarters of Lombard enlightenment in the field of political economy, especially so if one considers that Cesare Beccaria's parallel work - namely his Elementi di economia pubblica, conceived and drafted at the same time as Verri's Meditazioni - would only be published posthumously several years later. From the vantage point afforded by Verri's political economy, we gain a considerably attractive view of the most significant elements and characteristic concepts of Lombard enlightenment during the latter half of the 18th century; Verri, moreover, as we shall see, builds on a number of them in a new and original way. This paper is aimed at discussing Verri's political economy mainly along two distinct, but related, lines. In the first place the conception of commercial society is considered such as it is treated by the author particularly in his Meditazioni. In this perspective the analysis of such issues as competition and the market or money and taxation occupy a central place. Secondly it will be necessary to emphasise that Verri's approach has little to do either with forms of pure economics on one side - largely yet to be born throughout the 18th century - or, on the other side, with such conceptions of the polis - contrariwise well alive among his own contemporaries - as are founded on a sovereign authority conceived to be situated above the law. What Verri's political economy ultimately amounts to is an economic conception of civil society. The latter has natural strong connections with his own fact-mindedness - emphasised by Schumpeter - as well as with his deep practical involvement in administrative affairs and in the reforming process taking place during the latter half of the 18th century in Milan. In our view, a thorough investigation along the mentioned lines is the precondition for an understanding of the intellectual stature and of the scholarly contribution of Pietro Verri. His main ground is distinctly analytical and only by appreciating his analysis is it possible to shed light on the meaning and intellectual significance also of his practical contributions. Moreover Verri's pronouncements on the criticism of despotic government, the relevance of intermediate powers or bodies and on multiple levels of governance will be examined in a new and original light, showing how close they are to the gist of his analysis.
In carcere Communis est. Riflessi del carcere e della carcerazione nella documentazione medievale bolognese (seconda metà XIII-prima metà XIV secolo)
No full textThis paper aims to offer a contribution to the history of the prison in Bologna in the Middle Ages, by examining some traces related to the prison within the Bolognese notarial documents from the second half of the 13th century to the first half of the 14th century. Through an extensive review of handwritten sources, of a predominantly but not exclusively judicial nature, which has been accompanied by a preliminary exploration of the doctrinal production of some of the most important Bolognese masters of ars notariae, from Ranieri da Perugia to Pietro Boattieri, an attempt has been made to capture the emergence of new interpretations and functions assigned to the prison in the society of the time.Il presente scritto intende offrire un contributo alla storia del carcere a Bologna nel Medioevo, prendendo in esame alcune tracce della prigione all’interno della documentazione bolognese dalla seconda metà del ‘200 alla prima metà del ‘300. Attraverso un’ampia rassegna di fonti manoscritte di carattere prevalentemente ma non esclusivamente giudiziario, cui si è affiancata una prima esplorazione della produzione dottrinale di alcuni fra i più importanti maestri bolognesi di ars notariae, da Ranieri da Perugia a Pietro Boattieri, si è tentato di cogliere nella documentazione l’affiorare di nuove interpretazioni e funzioni assegnate al carcere nella società del tempo
Potential mitigation of smoke taint in wines by post-harvest ozone treatment of grapes
No full textPublished: 23 March 2021When bushfires occur near grape growing regions, vineyards can be exposed to smoke, and depending on the timing and duration of grapevine smoke exposure, fruit can become tainted. Smoke-derived volatile compounds, including volatile phenols, can impart unpleasant smoky, ashy characters to wines made from smoke-affected grapes, leading to substantial revenue losses where wines are perceivably tainted. This study investigated the potential for post-harvest ozone treatment of smoke-affected grapes to mitigate the intensity of smoke taint in wine. Merlot grapevines were exposed to smoke at ~7 days post-veraison and at harvest grapes were treated with 1 or 3 ppm of gaseous ozone (for 24 or 12 h, respectively), prior to winemaking. The concentrations of smoke taint marker compounds (i.e., free and glycosylated volatile phenols) were measured in grapes and wines to determine to what extent ozonation could mitigate the effects of grapevine exposure to smoke. The 24 h 1 ppm ozone treatment not only gave significantly lower volatile phenol and volatile phenol glycoside concentrations but also diminished the sensory perception of smoke taint in wine. Post-harvest smoke and ozone treatment of grapes suggests that ozone works more effectively when smoke-derived volatile phenols are in their free (aglycone) form, rather than glycosylated forms. Nevertheless, the collective results demonstrate the efficacy of post-harvest ozone treatment as a strategy for mitigation of smoke taint in wine.Margherita Modesti, Colleen Szeto, Renata Ristic, WenWen Jiang, Julie Culbert, Keren Bindon, Cesare Catelli, Fabio Mencarelli, Pietro Tonutti and Kerry Wilkinso
About twin primes and distribution of primes
No full textThis paper give us a demonstration of twin primes conjecture using approximation of function �(iupsilon) that we introduce in section 6. Section 1-5 give us introduction to terminology and a clarification on (iupsilon) terms. In particular section
5 is really important because of its Lemma. Section 7 reassume foregoing explanations and it give us two theorems and one corollary;the theorem 7.2 give us exact approximation of twin primes counting function
Hyperglycemia and angiotensin II cooperate to enhance collagen I deposition by cardiac fibroblasts through a ROS-STAT3-dependent mechanism
No full textAbstractCardiac fibroblasts significantly contribute to diabetes-induced structural and functional changes in the myocardium. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of high glucose (alone or supplemented with angiotensin II) in the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and its involvement in collagen I production by cardiac fibroblasts. We observed that the diabetic environment 1) enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3; 2) induced nuclear localization of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism, with angiotensin II stimulation further enhancing STAT3 nuclear accumulation; and 3) stimulated collagen I production. The effects were inhibited by depletion of reactive oxygen species or silencing of STAT3 in high glucose alone or supplemented with exogenous angiotensin II. Combined, our data demonstrate that increased collagen I deposition in the setting of high glucose occurred through a reactive oxygen species- and STAT3-dependent mechanism. Our results reveal a novel role for STAT3 as a key signaling molecule of collagen I production in cardiac fibroblasts exposed to a diabetic environment
Doc. 23b, Reggio Emilia, Archivio di Stato
No full textSi tratta dell'edizione critica di un documento vescovile originale, datato 899/900 gennaio, Suzzara e conservato presso l'Archivio di Stato di Reggio Emilia, con cui Pietro vescovo di Reggio concede in precaria ad Adelmanno scavino di Mantova vari beni. All'interno della più ampia edizione delle carte reggiane del IX secolo per la collana delle "Chartae Latinae Antiquiores", si offre qui l'edizione del testo accanto alla riproduzione fotografica dell'originale, corredata dall’analisi paleografica, dalla discussione cronologica e dall'esame diplomatistico utile a verificare la genuinità della fonte, oltre che dalle principali informazioni di carattere archivistico e bibliografico. Il documento presenta infatti svariate peculiarità e alcuni aspetti problematici finora non evidenziati dalla critica, a partire dal rapporto con un precedente documento di donazione redatto sullo stesso supporto e a questo collegato dal punto di vista grafico e contenutistico
Ozone treatments to induce systemic-acquired resistance in leaves of potted vines: molecular responses and NIR evaluation for identifying effective dose and exposition duration
No full textThe European Community has recently imposed considerable restrictions on the use of pesticides, with the establishment of a regulatory framework for the sustainable use of agro-chemicals. However, in the viticulture sector, the intensive use of chemical pesticides, as well as sulfur and copper, is often required. Recently, ozone has been proposed as a possible environmentally friendly tool for controlling the development of pests on vines. However, little is known about the parameters linked to the practical application of ozone for controlling grapevine pests and how it triggers plant defence mechanisms. The main aim of this preliminary study was to determine the concentration of ozone and exposure duration in a treatment for stimulating the expression of systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-related genes, without inducing toxic effects and affecting vine health. In the first trial, three different combinations of ozone concentration and duration of treatment were tested on potted grapevines: i) gaseous ozone at 300 ppb for 12 hours, ii) gaseous ozone at 100 ppb for 6 hours, and iii) gaseous ozone at 100 ppb for 3 hours. Based on the results of the first trial, the potted vines were treated with just 100 ppb for 3 hours in a second trial. Leaves at different developmental stages were sampled. The expression level of systemic acquired resistance-related genes was analysed 12 hours and 7 days after each treatment. Furthermore, physiological parameters and NIR spectra were analysed. Ozone induced a transient up-regulation (limited to 12 hours after the treatments) of chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanase and glutathione-S-transferase. On the other hand, pathogen-related (PR) genes showed a more persistent over-expression. The ozone treatment selectively affected the stomatal conductance depending on the different ozone concentrations. Detected NIR spectra revealed significant structural changes in ozone-treated plants, especially in leaves exposed to higher concentrations of ozone. These results suggest that ozone is able to transiently stimulate the expression of some resistance-related genes even at low and non-toxic doses for the vine leaves
Studi per l'edizione delle carte bolognesi del secolo XII: prosopografia dei notai ed edizione critica di due cartulari notarili
No full textIl volume intende fotografare il notariato e la documentazione notarile bolognese del XII secolo tramite due istantanee particolari. La prima si propone di inquadrare dal punto di vista storico-quantitativo lo sviluppo della professione notarile a Bologna nel corso del XII secolo, attraverso la messa a punto di una prosopografia generale dei notai attivi in città a quell’epoca, che prosegua idealmente i censimenti già esistenti per i secoli precedenti.
La seconda istantanea si concentra invece su un prodotto peculiare dell’attività notarile, forse meno frequentato e ordinario rispetto al classico 'instrumentum' tabellionale ma non per questo meno significativo, e cioè il cartulario, fornendo l’edizione critica delle due più antiche raccolte bolognesi: il campiocino 'De donationibus' di S. Vittore e S. Giovanni in Monte (metà del XII secolo) e un piccolo cartularietto appartenente al Capitolo della cattedrale di S. Pietro redatto dal notaio Orabona (primi del XIII secolo).
Sono dunque Bologna e il secolo XII ad offrire la cornice entro cui sono ritratti i notai e i documenti protagonisti di questo libro, nella speranza che esso possa servire a porre un altro tassello in vista dell’edizione delle carte bolognesi del secolo XII
Reduced expression of thyroid hormone receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors in human failing cardiomyocytes.
No full textAn altered thyroid hormone profile has been reported in patients with congestive heart failure. However, information regarding the status of thyroid hormone receptors in human failing cardiomyocytes is lacking. Therefore the expression of thyroid hormone and beta-adrenergic receptors was investigated in human ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from patients with end-stage heart failure (FM, n=12), or from tentative donors (C, n=4). The expression of thyroid (TRalpha1, and TRbeta1) and beta-adrenergic receptors (ARB1 and ARB2) was measured at both the gene, and at the protein level. In FM the reduced mRNA expression of ARB1 (p<0.05, -37\%) and ARB2 (p<0.05, -42\%) was associated with a reduction of the messenger for TRalpha1 (p<0.05, -85\%) and TRalpha2 (p<0.05, -73\%). These findings were confirmed at the protein level for ARB1, ARB2 and TRalpha1. These data reveal that in human heart failure the reduction of beta-adrenergic receptors is associated with reduced expression of both TRalpha1 and TRalpha2 isoforms of thyroid hormone receptors
Modulation of plasma proteomic profile by regular training in male and female basketball players: a preliminary study
No full textMonitoring fatigue and recovery during training periods contributes to identifying the best training methods to achieve sports performance. To date, little is known about sex-related differences in sports adaptations. The aim of the present study is to identify sex-related sports adaptation proteins in female basketball players and male basketball players using proteomics approach on plasma samples withdrawn from athletes during in-season training period but far from a competition. A cohort of 20 professional basketball players, 10 female (BF) and 10 male (BM), and 20 sedentary male (10 CM) and female (10 CF) as control, of comparable age and BMI, were involved in this study. Protein profiles of plasma samples obtained from BM, BF, CM, and CF were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The computational 2-DE gel image analysis pointed out 33 differentially expressed protein spots (ANOVA p-value < 0.05) and differences between male and female basketball players are more evident among the players than controls. The expression profile of 54.5% of the total proteins is affected by sports activity. Furthermore, 14 proteins are differentially expressed in basket female players in comparison with their relative controls while seven are differentially expressed in basket male players in comparison with their controls. In conclusion, we identify in female athletes a reduction in proteins related to transcription regulation, most of these modulate chronic inflammation confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of regular training in female muscle metabolism. In male and female athletes, we found a decrease in Transthyretin involved in muscle homeostasis and regeneration and Dermcidin a stress-induced myokine linked to inflammatory and it will be interesting to fully understand the role of its different isoforms in male and female skeletal muscle contraction
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