1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evolution and Biological Roles of Three-Finger Toxins in Snake Venoms
Full text linkSnake venoms are complex mixtures of many enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, as well as small peptides. Several major venom protein superfamilies, including three-finger toxins, phospholipases A2, serine proteinases, metalloproteinases, proteinase inhibitors and lectins, are found in almost all snake venoms, from front-fanged viperids (vipers and pit vipers) and elapids (cobras, mambas, sea snakes, etc.) to rear-fanged colubrids. However, these proteins vary in abundance and functionality between species. Variation in snake venom composition is attributed to both differences in the expression levels of toxin encoding genes and occurrence of amino acid sequence polymorphisms. Documenting intraspecific venom variation has both clinical (antiserum development) and biological (predator and prey coevolution) implications. Venom is primarily a trophic adaptation and as such, the evolution and abundance of venom proteins relates directly to prey capture success and organism natural history. Without this biologically relevant perspective, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches could produce simply a list of proteins, peptides, and transcripts. It is therefore important to consider the presence and evolution of venom proteins in terms of their biological significance to the organism. Three-finger toxins (3FTx) comprise a particularly common venom protein superfamily that contributes significantly to differences in envenomation symptomology, toxicity, and overall venom composition. Three-finger toxins are non-enzymatic proteins that maintain a common molecular scaffold, and bind to different receptors/acceptors and exhibit a wide variety of biological effects. These toxins are the main lethal neurotoxins in some snake venoms and are currently the only known venom proteins associated with prey-specific toxicity. This dissertation has four major objectives: (i) to examine 3FTxs in front-fanged Elapidae and rear-fanged snake venoms for prey-specific toxicity, (ii) to examine differences in 3FTx expression within rear-fanged snake venom glands, (iii) to determine if mRNA transcripts obtained from crude venoms can be utilized for molecular evolutionary studies and venom proteomic studies, and (iv) to determine if a transcriptomic and proteomic integrated approach can more thoroughly characterize differences in rear-fanged snake venom composition. Three-finger toxins were isolated from the venom of the front-fanged Naja kaouthia (Family Elapidae; Monocled Cobra) and rear-fanged Spilotes (Pseustes) sulphureus (Family Colubridae; Amazon Puffing Snake) using chromatographic techniques, and toxicity assays were performed to evaluate prey specificity. Despite various 3FTxs being present in abundance within N. kaouthia venom, only one 3FTx (alpha-cobratoxin) demonstrated lethal toxicity (\u3c5 \u3eµg/g) toward both NSA mice (Mus musculus) and House Geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus). For P. sulphureus, the most abundant 3FTx (sulmotoxin A), a heterodimeric complex, displayed prey-specific toxicity towards House Geckos, and the second most abundant 3FTx (sulmotoxin B) displayed prey-specific toxicity towards mice. This demonstrates how a relatively simple venom with toxins dominated by one venom protein superfamily (3FTXs) can still allow for the targeting of a diversity of prey. Venom gland toxin transcriptomes and crude venom transcriptomes were obtained via individual transcripts with 3’RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) and next- generation sequencing to evaluate the abundance, diversity, and molecular evolution of 3FTxs. Venom protein gene expression within rear-fanged snake venom glands revealed trends towards either viper-like expression, dominated by snake venom metalloproteinases, or elapid-like expression, dominated by 3FTxs. For non-conventional 3FTxs transcripts within these glands and within crude venom, approximately 32% of 3FTx amino acid sites were under positive selection, and approximately 20% of sites were functionally critical and conserved. RNA isolated from crude venom demonstrated to be a successful approach to obtain venom protein transcripts for molecular evolutionary analyses, resulting in a novel approach without the need to sacrifice snakes for tissue. The use of a combined venom gland transcriptome with proteomic approaches aided in characterizing venom composition from previously unstudied rear-fanged snake venoms. This dissertation represents an important step in the incorporation of multiple high-throughput characterization methods and the addition of multiple assays to explore the biological roles of toxins, in particular 3FTxs, within these venoms
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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