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No full textEste trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a relação entre sensibilidade ao contraste e o julgamento de expressões faciais de emoções durante o desenvolvimento infanto- juvenil, analisando a existência de possíveis correlações entre idade, taxa de acertos nas respostas e nível de contraste testado; além de diferenciar quais expressões emocionais precisam de maior/menor contraste para serem identificadas corretamente. Foram testadas 50 crianças, com idade média de 10,3 anos (desvio padrão= 2,05 anos; mediana= 10,5 anos e variação entre 6 e 14 anos) da Escola Municipal General Liberato Bittencourt (São Paulo/SP). Tivemos um grupo de adultos para comparação de pleno desenvolvimento, que contou com 30 adultos com acuidade visual normal, com idade média de 22,7 anos (desvio padrão= 2,7; mediana= 22,0 anos, variação entre 18 e 30 anos). Foi necessário desenvolver um instrumento de testagem que abrangesse todos os aspectos que queríamos abordar. Para isso utilizamos o Programa de Psicofísica Psykinematix. Avaliamos 4 diferentes expressões faciais, sendo neutra, alegria, tristeza e raiva, tanto para face feminina quanto para masculina. A tarefa do participante foi a de julgar o sexo e a emoção de cada imagem apresentada. Testamos 5 níveis de contraste distribuídos logaritmicamente entre 2,5% e 15% (2,5; 3,4; 5,2; 8,5; 15). O limiar de contraste para julgamento de cada emoção em cada sexo foi obtido por meio de uma medida psicofísica de Estímulos Constantes. Cada um dos níveis de contraste foi apresentado 3 vezes para cada uma das 4 expressões faciais. A imagem de cada face/expressão apareceu na tela do computador por um tempo de 2 segundos. O sujeito realizou um total de 120 julgamentos (60 faces masculinas + 60 faces femininas). Uma função psicométrica determinou o limiar de contraste correspondente a 75% de julgamentos corretos. Como resultado, encontramos um aprimoramento da capacidade de reconhecimento de emoções em faces proporcional ao aumento da idade. Para face Masculina Neutra houveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (F= 8,63; p< 0,001) entre os subgrupos: Adulto Masculino e Adulto Feminino; Adulto Masculino e Criança Masculino; Criança Feminino e Criança Masculino; Adulto Feminino e Criança Feminino. Para a face Masculina Alegre (F= 3,08; p= 0,032) houve diferença entre os subgrupos Adulto Masculino e Criança Masculino. Na face Masculina Triste (F= 6,50; p= 0,002), mantiveram a diferença entre Adulto Masculino e Criança Masculino; e entre os subgrupos Adulto Feminino e Criança Feminino. Nas faces Femininas tivemos na Neutra (F= 5,13; p= 0,003), a diferença entre os subgrupos Adulto Masculino e Criança Masculino. Na face Alegre (F= 5,57; p= 0,002) tivemos diferença entre os subgrupos Adulto Feminino e Criança Feminino. A face Feminina Triste (F= 4,04; p= 0,011) mostrou diferença entre Adulto Masculino e Criança Masculino; e entre os subgrupos Adulto Feminino e Criança Feminino. Foi identificado apenas uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os subgrupos de mesma idade testados, onde os Homens Adultos necessitaram de um menor limiar de contraste para identificar a face do Homem com expressão Neutra, dentre todos os outros subgrupos, e sexo/expressões, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Como conclusão: o contraste de luminância afeta o julgamento de expressões faciais quando comparamos adultos e crianças, independente da emoção expressadaThis work aimed to study the relationship between sensitivity to contrast and the judgment of facial expressions of emotions during the development of children and adolescents, analyzing the existence of possible correlations between age, rate of correct answers and level of contrast tested; in addition to differentiating which emotional expressions need greater / lower contrast to be correctly identified. 50 children were tested, with a mean age of 10.3 years (standard deviation= 2.05 years, median= 10.5 years and variation between 6 and 14 years) of Escola Municipal General Liberato Bittencourt (São Paulo / SP). We had a group of adults for comparison of full development, who had 30 adults with normal visual acuity, mean age of 22.7 years (standard deviation= 2.7, median= 22.0 years, variation between 18 and 30 years). It was necessary to develop a testing instrument covering all the aspects we wanted to address. For this we use Psykinematix Psychophysics Program. We evaluated 4 different facial expressions, being neutral, joy, sadness and anger, both for the female and male faces. The participant\'s task was to judge the sex and emotion of each presented image. We tested 5 levels of contrast distributed logarithmically between 2.5% and 15% (2.5, 3.4, 5.2, 8.5, 15). The contrast threshold for the judgment of each emotion in each sex was obtained by means of a psychophysical measure of Constant Stimuli. Each of the contrast levels was presented 3 times for each of the 4 facial expressions. The image of each face / expression appeared on the computer screen for 2 seconds. The subject performed a total of 120 judgments (60 male faces + 60 female faces). A psychometric function determined the contrast threshold corresponding to 75% of correct judgments. As a result, we find an improvement in the ability to recognize emotions in faces proportional to the increase in age. There were statistically significant differences between the subgroups for Male Neutral Face (F= 8.63, p< 0.001): Male and Female; Adult Male and Child Male; Child Female and Child; Adult Female and Child Female. For the Joy Male (F= 3.08, p= 0.032) there was a difference between the Male and Female subgroups. In the sad male face (F= 6.50, p= 0.002), they maintained the difference between male and female; and among the subgroups Adult Female and Female Child. In the Female Faces we had in Neutral (F= 5.13, p= 0.003), the difference between the subgroups Adult Male and Male Child. In the Joy face (F= 5.57, p= 0.002) there was difference between the subgroup Adult Female and the subgroup Child Female. The sad female (F= 4.04, p= 0.011) showed difference between male and female; and among the subgroups Adult Female and Female Child. Only a statistically significant difference was identified among the subgroups of the same age tested, where Adult Men required a lower contrast threshold to identify the Neutrally Man face, among all the other subgroups, and sex / expressions, there was no difference statistically significant. As a conclusion: the luminance contrast affects the judgment of facial expressions when comparing adults and children, regardless of the emotion expresse
Hypoxys subrastratus Nunes & Campos & Mendonca & Cunha & Fernandes 2020, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Hypoxys subrastratus</i> (Bergroth, 1891) comb. nov. <p>(Figs. 11 A–E; 19 I–J; 22)</p> <p> <i>Edessa subrastrata</i> Bergroth, 1891: 233; Lethierry & Severin, 1893: 195 (catalog); Kirkaldy, 1909: 165 (catalog)</p> <p>Lectotype female. Minas Gerais, Brasil (MNHN). Examined.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <b>BRAZIL. Pará:</b> ♀ Acará, Unamurú, III–66, L. Gomes leg. (RMNH); <b>Maranhão:</b> ♀ São Luís, AL 35–10359, 05–X–1984, A. Brisolla col. (IBSP); <b>Goiás:</b> ♂ Jataí, Faz. Aceiro, X–1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. (MZUSP); ♂ Corumba, Fazenda Monjolinho, 24–VI–1942, F. Lane (MZUSP); ♂ Campinas, Dez–1935, Spitz col. (MZUSP); <b>Minas Gerais:</b> ♀ Varginha, I–1954, S. A. Matos, <i>Edessa subrastrata</i> Bergroth, 1891 Fernandes J. A. M. 1999 Comp. w. TYPE. (FEM); <b>São Paulo:</b> ♀ 27–XII–1997, Fernandes, J. A. M. <i>Edessa subrastrata</i> Bergroth, 1891 Fernandes, J. A. M. 1999 Comp. w. TYPE (UFRG); ♂ Dr. MRAZ Collection National Museum Praha, Czech Republic (NMPC); ♀ Barueri, 10–VII–1966, K. Lenko col. (MZUSP); ♂ Penha, 14–III–1943, F. Lane (MZUSP); <b>Santa Catarina:</b> ♂ Nova Teutônia, 300–500 m, 11–1972, 27º11’B, 52º23’L, Fritz Plaumann (UFRG); <b>Rio Grande do Sul:</b> ♂ Porto Alegre, Jardim Botânico, 10–IX–2000, Fortes, N. F. Col. (UFRG); ♀ Pq. F. Est. Turvo, 19–I–1982, S. L. Bonnato, <i>Edessa subrastrata</i> Bergroth, 1891. Fernandes J. A. M. 1999. Comp. w. TYPE (UFRG); <b>ARGEN- TINA.</b> <b>Candelaria:</b> ♂ Missiones Loreto, IX–1955, F. H. Walz. (RMNH); <b>BOLIVIA. La Paz:</b> ♀ Yungas de La Paz, Dec–4–20–1955, 1200–1700m., M. Luiz E. Pena, Collector (USMN); <b>PARAGUAY. Paraguarí:</b> ♂ Parq. Nac. Ybycuí, 23–I–1981, RD Cave colr (USMN); no data: ♂ 8768, 72212 (MZUSP); ♂ 8768, 72213 (MZUSP); ♂ 7952,72442 (MZUSP).</p> <p> <b>Measurements.</b> total length: 14.6–17.2; head length: 2.1–2.3; head width: 3.3–3.6; pronotal width: 9.3–10.6; abdominal width: 7.4–9.1; length of antennal segments. I: 0.7–0.9; II: 0.7–0.9; III: 1.4–1.7; IV: 2.6–2.9; V: 2.7–2.9; interocular distance: 1.8–1.9; scutellum length: 6.8–7.7; scutellum width: 5.2–5.6; pronotal length: 3.3–3.8.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Punctures of anterior part of scutellum not on dark spots (Fig. 19I). Connexivum uniformly green (Fig. 19I). Abdomen ventrally with dark green transverse stripes on intersegmental areas and pseudosutures (Fig. 19J). Pronotum with punctures light brown or concolorous, sparser on disc. Cicatrices of pronotum with concolorous to dark punctures delimiting anterior sulci. Anterolateral margin of pronotum punctured. Scutellum with apex not punctured (Fig. 19I). Black spot of costal margin reaching approximately 1/4 of corial extension. Dorsal surface of abdomen green with lateral margins brown. Connexivum with some few concolorous punctures concentrated in excavated areas (Fig. 19I). Male (Fig.11 A–C). Dorsal rim of pygophore shallowly excavated, with rectangular median notch (Fig. 11A). Inner wall with large tumescence close posterolateral angles (Fig. 11B). Superior process of genital cup elliptic (Fig. 11B). Paramere large, hatchet-shaped; posterior lobe not developed. Proctiger strongly excavated laterally forming a conspicuous dorsal ridge (Fig. 11A,B); dense tuft of setae on lateral excavation; posterior face triangular and small (Fig. 11B). Ventral rim central excavation widely open; expansions small, slightly dorsally bent, not reaching level of posterolateral angle in ventral view (Fig. 11C). Female (Fig. 11D). Gonocoxites 8 posterior margin arched; inner angle rounded slightly projected over gonocoxites 9; sutural border with distal half in “U”. Gonapophysis 8 widely exposed.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> Bergroth (1891) related <i>Edessa subrastrata</i> to <i>E. triangularis</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>affinis</i>, but the morphological characteristics pointed by the author are, actually, shared by many species. <i>Hypoxys triangularis</i> is closer to <i>H. subrastratus</i> but is larger and has a smoky stripe on pronotum (Fig. 19E and 19I). <i>Edessa affinis</i> is smaller, its metasternal process has apices of the arms rounded and genitalia from both sexes are quite different from <i>H. subrastratus</i>. The male is described here for the first time.</p> <p> <b>Distribution (Fig. 22).</b> BRAZIL: Pará, Maranhão, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul; ARGENTINA: Candelaria; BOLIVIA: La Paz; PARAGUAY: Paraguarí.</p>Published as part of <i>Nunes, Benedito Mendes, Campos, Lourival Dias, Mendonca, Maria Thayane Da Silva, Cunha, Eduardo Victor De Paiva & Fernandes, Jose Antonio Marin, 2020, Revision of Hypoxys Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae), pp. 401-441 in Zootaxa 4742 (3)</i> on pages 423-425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4742.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3677869">http://zenodo.org/record/3677869</a>
Vitalistic information systems in the South African public health system : a transactional analysis perspective
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
Equity and efficiency in the geographic allocation of public health resources in Mozambique
No full textEquitable and efficient health financing is crucial to improve health care provision, still inequitable in many low- and middle-income countries. The allocation of financial resources across geographic areas is important to increase the capacity to effectively provide services and their availability to the neediest population. However, how resources are transformed into service and finally reach the intended beneficiaries, depends on local health care management, on the supply-side, and on constraints to service use, on the demand-side. Equity and efficiency in the geographic allocation of public expenditure in Mozambique, and their determinants, are explored in this thesis.
First, inequities in the distribution of public health expenditure, assessed using a method based on Benefit Incidence Analysis, diminished over time due to improved resource allocation. However, inequities in health care use remain and limit the benefit from public health expenditure for the poor and neediest population. The difference between horizontal and vertical equity, assessed for each source of public health expenditure by raking individuals according to their economic wealth or to their need for health care, reveals initial discrepancies in government and donor expenditure targets and the potential trade-offs between equity objectives.
Second, inefficiencies in health care provision, assessed using Stochastic Frontier Analysis, exist at district level. Efficiency could be increased both in health administrations, where financial resources are managed to guarantee the availability of material resources, such as staff and equipment, and in health facilities, where those are used to deliver health care services. Heterogeneity in efficiency across districts depends on geographic, demographic, administrative and health system characteristics.
Third, results from an econometric model of demand for health care revealed that proximity to health facilities increases the probability of seeking care and that the availability of adequate staff and equipment can encourage service use by those who live near a health facility. Demand side constraints, mostly economic, prevent use even when services are available.
Results suggest that resource allocation policies are insufficient on their own to improve the distribution of public health expenditure. Extending health facility coverage and tackling demand-side barriers are needed to increase service use among and mitigate potential equity efficiency and horizontal-vertical equity trade-offs. Increasing the efficiency of district health administrations and health facilities can contribute to increase service use among those who live close to a health facility
Interruptions and failure in higher education: evidence from ISEG-UTL
No full textAbstract Failure in Higher Education (HE) is the outcome of multiple time-dependent determinants. Interruptions in student’s individual school trajectories are one of them and that’s why research on this topic has been attracting much attention these days. From an individual point of view, it is expected that interruptions in school trajectory, whatever the reason, influence success in undergraduate programs either this success is measured by time required to obtain a degree, the scores obtained in some more “critical” subjects in these programs or the number of enrolment registrations. Nevertheless, performing a paid job during interruption may in given circumstances positively affect academic success on account of the combination between learning and occupational experience The study of interruptions’ impact on failure in HE is also important to help Education institutions at all grades to think about changes in organisational procedures, class timetables, syllabuses contents or teachers recruitment and training in order to fight this problem. From a social and political point of view, interruptions are also a matter of concern since failure in HE affects individual’s lifelong learning opportunities, distort public funding allocation efficiency to HE institutions and create lag effects in the desired/planned outcomes of HE production functions. So, research on the impact of interruptions on failure in HE is important to support policy measures definition related to the articulation between Upper Secondary and HE programs. In previous research we have shed some light into the determinants of failure in 1st year of HE studies using longitudinal data on ISEG’s undergraduate students. A further insight into this database revealed the existence of a meaningful number of students with interruptions in their school trajectories either in the transition from Upper Secondary to HE or within HE programs. In this paper our major concern is to find some evidence on interruptions effects on HE failure among ISEG students using a life cycle approach with control group. We are interested in knowing whether the above mentioned effects are gender and/or specific graduation program neutral. We also want to search if work experience may counter balance the effect of interruption on academic success. We hope to be able to derive some useful recommendations to address policy making in the fields of pedagogic methodologies in HE, articulation between academic and occupational learning in the framework of Bologna Chart and public funding/fellowship policies in HE.Key words: Portuguese Higher Education; Interruption; Failure; Adult Students; Bologna Chart; Policy Implications
Evolução química e história de formação estelar no universo local
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2010Analisamos as galáxias do Sloan Digital Sky Survey com o nosso código de síntese espectral Starlight. O Starlight acha a combinação de populações estelares simples de diferentes idades e metalicidades que melhor modela o espectro de uma galáxia. Ele permite derivar vários parâmetros associados a uma galáxia, como a massa em estrelas, a história de formação estelar e a evolução química. A partir do espectro residual puramente nebular (subtraindo do espectro observado o modelado), medimos as linhas de emissão, das quais derivamos propriedades do gás dentro das galáxias. Estudamos a evolução das galáxias com formação estelar. Constatamos que as galáxias de maior massa formaram suas estrelas e seus metais mais rapidamente. A evolução da metalicidade das estrelas é estudada diretamente. Calibramos também a taxa de formação estelar atual medida pela síntese com a medida pela luminosidade de Halfa. Derivamos a relação massa estelar-metalicidade estelar (M*-Z*) em diferentes redshifts. Esta é a primeira vez que a relação M*-Z* é calculada para o mesmo conjunto de galáxias. Observamos que a metalicidade estelar observada tem uma evolução compatível com um modelo simples de evolução química de caixa fechada. Para as galáxias classificadas como LINERs, encontramos que a luminosidade observada em Halfa é compatível com o número de fótons ionizantes emitidos pelas populações estelares velhas dessas galáxias. Este resultado implica em uma profunda revisão da taxa de atividade nuclear nas galáxias do Universo local
Biogeography of restinga vegetation in Northern and Northeastern Brazil and their floristic relationships with adjacent ecosystems
No full textAbstract Restinga formations are defined as the vegetation covering sandy coastal sediments deposited during the Quaternary period, regardless their physiognomy. They are usually characterized as areas of confluence between plant species associated with diverse phytogeographical domains. However, detailed floristic and biogeographic studies are still required to better define their distribution patterns, the origins of their plant species, and their biogeographical affinities. In this study, we investigate the floristic similarities among restingas in Northern and Northeastern Brazil and diverse ecosystems from different Brazilian phytogeographical domains (Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Amazonia). We employed multivariate analyses to investigate differences in species composition and identify floristically similar groups. While sharing species with other ecosystems, restingas exhibit unique floristic composition, representing a coastal flora. Furthermore, the restingas of Northern and Northeastern Brazil are biogeographically subdivided according to previously recognized sectors of the coast of the country. These findings underscore the complex nature of restinga ecosystems, influenced by environmental factors such as geographic distance, geology and climate. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between restingas and their surrounding ecosystems, facilitating informed conservation efforts in the face of escalating urban and industrial expansion along the Brazilian coast
Subtitling of collocational patterns in children's animated movies: a corpus-based study
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2015.Abstract : Due to technological innovations and to globalization, the translation of movies, or more specifically, audiovisual translation, has become an ever more common type of translation. However, most of the studies in the area focus on the technicalities involved in the activity, not taking into account the linguistic aspects of translation (Díaz Cintas & Remael, 2007). For that reason, little is known about the challenges and limitations of subtitling, and this area is constantly a target of criticism on its so called ?quality? (Carvalho, 2007). Following a descriptive approach (Toury, 2012), this research aims at uncovering the translation strategies (as defined by Chesterman, 1997; Pedersen, 2005; and Costa, 2014) used by subtitlers while rendering certain language patterns, namely collocations, from American English into Brazilian Portuguese. It takes on the methodological apparatus of corpus-based studies as they enable the processing of large quantities of data quickly and automatically. The corpus is made up of three children?s animated movies (Ice Age, Shrek and Toy Story), the subtitles of which were inserted in COPA-TRAD (Fernandes & Silva, 2013) ? a translation parallel corpus ? and analyzed following Pedersen?s (2005) classification of translation strategies for cultural expressions in subtitles. It was found that, most of the time, subtitlers will attempt to maintain the cultural expression in the translation or, at least, maintain its meaning, despite facing difficulties when dealing with puns and wordplay. In this sense, it can be attested that subtitlers were overall creative and innovative, possibly because of the movie genre they were working on ? animation. These results also show the unfounded nature of the criticism usually aimed this type of audiovisual translation.Graças aos avanços tecnológicos e à globalização, a tradução de filmes, ou mais especificamente, a tradução audiovisual, se tornou um tipo de tradução cada vez mais comum. No entanto, a maior parte das pesquisas feitas na área foca nas tecnicalidades envolvidas nessa atividade, sem levar em conta os aspectos linguísticos da tradução (Díaz Cintas e Remael, 2007). Por esse motivo, não se sabe muito sobre os desafios e as limitações da legendagem, e não raro esta área é alvo constante de críticas relacionadas à sua  qualidade (Carvalho, 2007). Seguindo uma abordagem descritivista (Toury, 1995), espera-se descobrir as estratégias de tradução (como definidas por Chesterman, 1997; Pedersen, 2005; e Costa, 2014) utilizadas por legendadores na tradução de determinados padrões linguísticos, ou colocações, do inglês americano para o português brasileiro. A metodologia aplicada é a dos estudos com base em corpus, já que estes permitem o processamento de grandes quantidades de dados de maneira rápida e automática. O corpus é composto por três filmes infantis de animação (A Era do Gelo, Shrek e Toy Story), cujas legendas foram inseridas no COPA-TRAD (Fernandes e Silva, 2013)  um corpus paralelo de tradução  e analisadas seguindo a classificação de estratégias de tradução de expressões culturais em legendas de Pedersen (2005). Descobriu-se que, na maioria das vezes, os legendadores tentam manter a expressão cultural na tradução ou, ao menos, manter seu significado, apesar de enfrentarem dificuldades ao lidarem com trocadilhos e jogos de palavras. Nesse sentido, pode-se afirmar que os legendadores foram em geral criativos e inovadores, possivelmente devido ao gênero dos filmes em que trabalharam  animação. Esses resultados mostram também a natureza infundada das críticas que são geralmente direcionadas a esse tipo de tradução audiovisual
Correction to: Rate and determinants of non-adherence to a gluten-free diet and nutritional status assessment in children and adolescents with celiac disease in a tertiary Brazilian referral center: a cross-sectional and retrospective study
No full textCorrection
Unfortunately, after publication of this article [1], it was noticed that the names of the second and third authors were incorrectly displayed, respectively, as Glauce Hiromi Yonaminez and Carla Aline Satiro. The correct names are Glauce Hiromi Yonamine and Carla Aline Fernandes Satiro and can be seen in the corrected author list above. The original article has also been updated to correct this error
Desenvolvimento de um sistema concentrador heliotermoelétrico de efeito seebeck
No full textThe work proposed in this dissertation shows the procedures for dimensioning, construction and testing of an energy converter that combines concentrated heliothermic technology (CSP) associated with thermoelectric coolers (TEC) in order to convert thermal energy into electrical energy directly following the Seebeck principle without the need for conventional electrical energy transformation equipment such as conventional electric turbines and generators. The use of thermoelectric coolers (TEC) to convert thermal energy from concentrated sunlight into electrical energy is still little explored, making this work a pioneer, opening a new line of research in solar energy conversion systems. . For testing, two field-tested prototypes were built. The efficiency ratio presented between the two solar concentration systems, designed, built and tested by the author, proved to be promising since the results obtained in bench tests were satisfactory, which allowed to verify the operational viability of the proposed system.Agência 1O trabalho proposto nesta dissertação mostra os procedimentos para dimensionamento, construção e testes de um conversor de energia que combina a tecnologia heliotérmica concentrada (CSP) associado a refrigeradores termoelétricos (TEC) de forma a converter a energia térmica em energia elétrica de maneira direta seguindo o princípio de Seebeck sem a necessidade de equipamentos convencionais de transformação de energia elétrica tais como turbinas e geradores elétricos convencionais. O uso de refrigeradores termoelétricos (TEC) para converter energia térmica oriunda dos raios solares concentrados em energia elétrica ainda é pouco explorado, o que torna este trabalho pioneiro, abrindo uma nova linha de pesquisa em sistemas de conversão solares de energia. . Para os testes foram construídos dois protótipo testados em campo. A relação de eficiência apresentada entre os dois sistemas de concentração solar, dimensionados, construídos e testados pelo autor, mostraram-se promissores visto que os resultados obtidos em testes de bancada resultaram satisfatórios, o que permitiu verificar a viabilidade operacional do sistema proposto
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