1,721,060 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
IL-6 Antagonizes the Inhibitory Activities of TGF-beta on Dendritic Cell Maturation via Smads
No full text在癌症病患，樹突狀細胞(DC)的功能明顯地受到抑制。而在犬傳染性花柳性的腫瘤(CTVT)模式中，當腫瘤進入自然的消退期，患犬之DC功能即恢復。已知CTVT會分泌高量的TGF-b.然而DC的功能缺失以及腫瘤進入消退期時之功能恢復，和TGF-b之間的關係以及機制上不明確。我們首先確認了CTVT分泌的TGF-b對單核球來原之C有抑制作用。給予TGF-b後，DC活化T淋巴的功能顯著的降低了，CD1a, CD40等分子的表現也減少了。以含有TGF-b之增長(P)期CTVT細胞上輕易培養DC, 也可以得到類似的效果。中和上清液中的TGF-b可以恢復DC活化T淋巴球的能力，也提高了DCMHCII的表現。實驗室之前的研究發現CTVT R期時，浸潤於腫瘤之間的淋巴球產生IL-6和TGF-b有很強的結抗效果。流是細胞儀的結果顯示IL-6可以有效的恢復DC被TGF-b抑制的MHCII表現。我們於是進一步測試IL-4是否會直接干擾TGF-b的傳導路徑。經由西方墨眼法以及共軛焦顯微鏡之觀察，我們發現IL-6會阻擋TGF-b引起之Smad2/3進入細胞核。在我們觀察IL-6減少核內Smad2/3的同時，並沒有偵測到抑制型Smad, Smad7表現而回饋控制TGF-b的傳導所致。本研究探討了宿主/癌症之間的交互關係，並提出力用IL-6回復癌症產生TGF-b 對 DC的傷害在癌症治療上的應用。The dendritic cell (DC) activities are significantly hampered in many cancers. It is interesting that, in a canine cancer model, canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), when the cancer enters a spontaneous regression (R), the inhibited DC activities are restored. CTVT produces high levels of TGF-b However, the role of TGF-b and 5h3 mechanisms involved in the DC functional suppresion and the restoration is largely unknown. We confirmed that the CTVT-derived TGF-b suppressed monocyte-derivedDC activities. After TGF-b treatment, the T cell activation through DC was impeded and the supernatants from the progression phase CTVT that contained TGF-b. Neutralizing the TGF-b in the supernatants by specific monoclonal antibody reversed the inhibition of DC-induces lymphocyte stimulation and also enhanced the DC MHC II expression. Our precious sstudy indicated that IL-6 produces by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the CTVT R phase sxhibited strong anti-TGF-b activity. The recovery of the TGF-b inhibitrf DC activities by IL-6 was thereforer studied. The flow cytometry results showed a strong reaction of IL6 in restoring TGF0b0down-regulated MHC expression on DCs. We ffurther verified whether IL-6 interfered with the TGF-b activities directly. Using Western blotting and confocal microscopy, we found that the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, a sign of signal transduction of TGF-b, was blocked by adding IL-6. The evidence that the Smad7, which is an inhibitory Smad, was not oncreased in expression by adding IL-6 indicated that the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 blocked by IL-6 was not through Smad7 pathway. This study provides in depth understanding of the host/cancer interactions and possible applications of IL-6 to restore DC activities in cancers that produce TGF-b.口試委員審定書………………………………………………………………………I謝………………………………………………………………………………..…. .I文摘要………………………………………………………………………………IIbstract ……………………………………………………………………………....IIIontents……………………………………………………………………………....IVbbriviation………………………………………………………………………….VIhapter 1. Background and Literature Review 1.1Dendritic cells 1.1.1 Subpopulations of dendritic cells 1.1.2 Surface molecule expression 2.1.3 Alterations in phenotype and functions caused by tumor 4.2 Canine transmissible venereal tumor 5.3 TGF-β 5.3.1 Effects of TGF-βin tumor immunology 6.3.2 TGF-β signaling 7.3.2.1 Smad-dependent pathway 7.3.2.2 Smad-independent pathway 10.3.2.3 Cross talk of Smads and other compounds 12.4 IL-6 ………………………………………………………………………..12.4.1 Pro tumoral activities of IL-6 13.4.2 Anti-tumoral activities of IL-6 13.4.3 Signaling pathway of IL-6 14.5 Objectives of this study 15hapter 2. Introduction 16hapter 3. Materials and Methods 19.1 Animals and generation of peripheral blood-derived DC 19.2 Flow cytometry analysis of DC phenotypes 19.3 Real-time RT-PCR 21.4 Allogeneic Mix Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) 22.5 FITC-dextran uptake assay 22.6 Production of CTVT cell-culture supernatants 23.7 Cell fractionation and Western immunoblotting 23.8 Immunofluorescent staining for confocal microscopy 24.9 Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA) 25.10 Statistical analysis 25hapter 4. Results 26hapter 1. Background and Literature Review 1.1Dendritic cells 1.1.1 Subpopulations of dendritic cells 1.1.2 Surface molecule expression 2.1.3 Alterations in phenotype and functions caused by tumor 4.2 Canine transmissible venereal tumor 5.3 TGF-β 5.3.1 Effects of TGF-βin tumor immunology 6.3.2 TGF-β signaling 7.3.2.1 Smad-dependent pathway 7.3.2.2 Smad-independent pathway 10.3.2.3 Cross talk of Smads and other compounds 12.4 IL-6 ………………………………………………………………………..12.4.1 Pro tumoral activities of IL-6 13.4.2 Anti-tumoral activities of IL-6 13.4.3 Signaling pathway of IL-6 14.5 Objectives of this study 15hapter 2. Introduction 16hapter 3. Materials and Methods 19.1 Animals and generation of peripheral blood-derived DC 19.2 Flow cytometry analysis of DC phenotypes 19.3 Real-time RT-PCR 21.4 Allogeneic Mix Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) 22.5 FITC-dextran uptake assay 22.6 Production of CTVT cell-culture supernatants 23.7 Cell fractionation and Western immunoblotting 23.8 Immunofluorescent staining for confocal microscopy 24.9 Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA) 25.10 Statistical analysis 25hapter 4. Results 26.1 TGF-β effects on DC 26.1.1 Phenotypic changes of canine DC 26.1.2 Inhibition of DC function 29.2 Recovery of TGF-β-suppressed activities 32.3 IL-6 effects on Smad2/3 TGF-β signaling 34.4 IL-6 effects on Smad2/3 nuclear translocation not by the induction of Smad7 ……………………………………………………………………….40hapter 5. Discussion 41eferences 4
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
