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An analysis of word-formation process in natural science and technology concepts in Xitsonga
Full text linkMA (Xitsonga)Ehansi ka Senthara ya M.E.R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshilo na NdhavukoNtirho wo hlukuvisiwa ka Xitsonga wu kumeke wu humelela hi ku nonoka swinene ngopfungopfu eka rihlanguti ra ku tumbuluxiwa ka theminoloji. Ndzawulo ya Vutshila na Ndhavuko yi vile yi tlanga xiave xa nkoka hi ku tumbuluxa theminoloji eka tindzimi to hambanahambana eAfrika-Dzonga ku katsa na Xitsonga. Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku kanela hi maendlelo ya vuvumbamarito ya Xitsonga hi ku kongomisa eka minongoti ya Sayense ya Ntumbuluko na Thekinoloji ku ya hi xitshuriwa lexi kandziyisiweke no hangalasiwa hi Ndzawulo ya Vutshila na Ndhavuko eAfrika-Dzonga xa Nxaxameto wa Matheme ya Tindziminyingi ta Sayense ya Ntumbuluko na Thekinoloji wa Tigiredi ta 4 ku fika eka 6. Eka Xitsonga ka ha ri na nkayivelo lowukulu wa milavisiso ya mavumbelo ya marito eka ririmi ra xithekiniki. Maendlelo ya vuvumbamarito ya nga aviwa hi swiphemu swimbirhi, ku nga maendlelo yo vumba marito hi ku tirhisa timofimi na ku vumba marito ehandle ko tirhisa timofimi ta marito. Ndzavisiso lowu wu aviwile hi swiyenge swimbirhi leswikulu. Xiyenge xo sungula xi kongomisiwa eka ku kanela hi maendlelo ya vuvumbamarito lama tirhisiwaka ku vumba marito eka Xitsonga na tindzimi tin’wana hi ku angarhela kasi xiyenge xa vumbirhi xi kongomisiwa eka ku xopaxopa maendlelo ya vuvumbamarito lama ya tirhisiweke eka minongoti ya Sayense ya Ntumbuluko na Thekinoloji. Eka ndzavisiso lowu ku tirhisiwile thiyori ya vuhundzuluxeri leyi tivekaka tanihi Nord’s (1997/2001) (1997/2001) . Maendlelo ya Xitafula ya tirhisiwile ku hlengeleta vuxokoxoko bya ndzavisiso lowu. Vuxokoxoko bya ndzavisiso lowu byi tsavuriwile ku suka eka tsalwa ra minongoti ya Sayense ya Ntumbuluko na Thekinoloji hi ku tirhisa sampulu yo hlawula hi xikongomelo na ku tlhela ku xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa maendlelo lama vuriwaka Nxopaxopo wa Tsalwa.NR
Mahlamari eka Xitsonga hi ku kongomiso eka manwana ma matsalwa ma mitlangu
No full textPh. D. (Xitsonga)Department of African LanguagesDyondzo leyi yi lavisisile mahlamari eka Xitsonga, xihluvi xa mbulavulo lexi nga si lavisisiwaka hi vuenti. Ku tirhisiwile endlelo ra nkoka ku hlengeleta, ku hlamusela, na ku xopaxopa mahungu ma ndzavisiso hi tlhelo ra xivumbeko, tinhlamuselo na vulongoloxamarito. Nhlengeleto wa mahungu wu endliwile hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra khophasi hi ku tsavula marito, swivulwahava na swivulwa leswi nga na mahlamari kusuka eka matsalwa ma mitlangu ma Xitsonga lama landzelaka: Mavondzo a ya Hakeri (1981) hi F Rikhotso, Matlhari Hansi (1998) hi M.G Magagane, Mahlo ya Nkwahle (1999) hi O.R Chauke, Byi le tintihweni (2005) hi C.M Lubisi, Ndzi ta fa ndzi dyile (2005) hi K.J Ngobeni na S.J Malungana, Mathayere Mbuya! (2005) hi V.D Salane, T.M Rikhotso na S.J Malungana, Xivoni xa Vutomi (2008) hi I.S Shabangu, Vukosi i Mberha (2008) hi P Ndlovu, na Vadyondzi va namuntlha (2015) hi S.E Makhubele. Eka ntirho lowu ku tirhisiwile sampula yo hlawula hi xikongomelo xo kuma mahungu ma ndzavisiso, lama endzhaku ma nga xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa endlelo ro xopaxopa hi ku landza mikongomelo (thematic analysis). Ndzavisiso lowu wu endliwile hi ku landza rimba na mianakanyo ya thiyori ya R.M.W. Dixon's Basic Linguistic Theory, leyi kongomisaka eka ku xopaxopa na ku paluxa swihlawulekisi swa ririmi. Eka ndzavisiso lowu, ku kumiwile leswaku mahlamari hi tlhelo ra xivumbeko ma aviwile hi swiyenge swimbirhi, ku nga mahlamari ma ntumbuluko na mahlamari ma mpfelelo. Eka mahlamari ma ntumbuluko, hi kume leswaku ma tala ku teka xivumbeko xa timofimi to tshunxeka, loko mahlamari ma mpfelelo wona ma tala ku teka xivumbeko xa timofimi to vumbana. Ku tlhele ku kumiwa leswaku mahlamari eka Xitsonga ma nga ha amukeriwa kusuka eka tindzimi tin’wana. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tlhele wu kuma leswaku tinhlamuselo ta mahlamari ti nga ha kombisiwa hi ku ya hi mitlhaveko leyinene na leyi nga riki leyinene. Mitlhaveko leyinene yi katsa ntwelavusiwana, ku tshinya, ku hoyozela, ku bumabumela, ku tsaka, mpfumelelano, ku hlohlotela, ku lemukisa, ku komba malwandla, ku tisola, ku tilondla, na yin’wana na yin’wana. Eka mitlhaveko leyi nga riki leyinene ku na leyi kongomisaka eka ku chava, ku chuhisa, ku khunguvanyeka, ku twa ku vava, ku delela, ku banga manyala, ku nyadza, ku rivala, ku tiputa na ku sandza. Mayelana na vulongoloxamarito, ku kumiwile leswaku mahlamari, ku fana na swihluvi swin’wana swa mbulavulo, ma va kona eka tindhawu to hambanahambana exivulweni, naswona ma tirha tanihi swivulwa leswi tiyimeleke, swilandzelandzhaku kumbe
swihetisi. Swikumiwa leswi hlengeletiweke eka ndzavisiso lowu i swa nkoka swinene naswona swi ta pfuna eka vatirhisi va ririmi lava navelaka ku kuma vutivi byo karhi mayelana na mahlamari eka Xitsonga.The National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS), Huvo ya Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA), na The South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR
Mahlamari eka Xitsonga hi ku kongomisa eka manwana ma matsalwa na mitlangu
No full textPhD (Xitsonga)Department of African LanguagesDyondzo leyi yi lavisisile mahlamari eka Xitsonga, xihluvi xa mbulavulo lexi nga si lavisisiwaka hi vuenti. Ku tirhisiwile endlelo ra nkoka ku hlengeleta, ku hlamusela, na ku xopaxopa mahungu ma ndzavisiso hi tlhelo ra xivumbeko, tinhlamuselo na vulongoloxamarito. Nhlengeleto wa mahungu wu endliwile hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra khophasi hi ku tsavula marito, swivulwahava na swivulwa leswi nga na mahlamari kusuka eka matsalwa ma mitlangu ma Xitsonga lama landzelaka: Mavondzo a ya Hakeri (1981) hi F Rikhotso, Matlhari Hansi (1998) hi M.G Magagane, Mahlo ya Nkwahle (1999) hi O.R Chauke, Byi le tintihweni (2005) hi C.M Lubisi, Ndzi ta fa ndzi dyile (2005) hi K.J Ngobeni na S.J Malungana, Mathayere Mbuya! (2005) hi V.D Salane, T.M Rikhotso na S.J Malungana, Xivoni xa Vutomi (2008) hi I.S Shabangu, Vukosi i Mberha (2008) hi P Ndlovu, na Vadyondzi va namuntlha (2015) hi S.E Makhubele. Eka ntirho lowu ku tirhisiwile sampula yo hlawula hi xikongomelo xo kuma mahungu ma ndzavisiso, lama endzhaku ma nga xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa endlelo ro xopaxopa hi ku landza mikongomelo (thematic analysis). Ndzavisiso lowu wu endliwile hi ku landza rimba na mianakanyo ya thiyori ya R.M.W. Dixon's Basic Linguistic Theory, leyi kongomisaka eka ku xopaxopa na ku paluxa swihlawulekisi swa ririmi. Eka ndzavisiso lowu, ku kumiwile leswaku mahlamari hi tlhelo ra xivumbeko ma aviwile hi swiyenge swimbirhi, ku nga mahlamari ma ntumbuluko na mahlamari ma mpfelelo. Eka mahlamari ma ntumbuluko, hi kume leswaku ma tala ku teka xivumbeko xa timofimi to tshunxeka, loko mahlamari ma mpfelelo wona ma tala ku teka xivumbeko xa timofimi to vumbana. Ku tlhele ku kumiwa leswaku mahlamari eka Xitsonga ma nga ha amukeriwa kusuka eka tindzimi tin’wana. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tlhele wu kuma leswaku tinhlamuselo ta mahlamari ti nga ha kombisiwa hi ku ya hi mitlhaveko leyinene na leyi nga riki leyinene. Mitlhaveko leyinene yi katsa ntwelavusiwana, ku tshinya, ku hoyozela, ku bumabumela, ku tsaka, mpfumelelano, ku hlohlotela, ku lemukisa, ku komba malwandla, ku tisola, ku tilondla, na yin’wana na yin’wana. Eka mitlhaveko leyi nga riki leyinene ku na leyi kongomisaka eka ku chava, ku chuhisa, ku khunguvanyeka, ku twa ku vava, ku delela, ku banga manyala, ku nyadza, ku rivala, ku tiputa na ku sandza. Mayelana na vulongoloxamarito, ku kumiwile leswaku mahlamari, ku fana na swihluvi swin’wana swa mbulavulo, ma va kona eka tindhawu to hambanahambana exivulweni, naswona ma tirha tanihi swivulwa leswi tiyimeleke, swilandzelandzhaku kumbe
swihetisi. Swikumiwa leswi hlengeletiweke eka ndzavisiso lowu i swa nkoka swinene naswona swi ta pfuna eka vatirhisi va ririmi lava navelaka ku kuma vutivi byo karhi mayelana na mahlamari eka Xitsonga.NR
The Lexicographic Treatment of Xitsonga Kinship Terminologies in Selected Bilingual Dictionaries
Full text linkKinship terminologies, which vary across cultures and languages, present challenges for lexicographers in creating bilingual dictionaries. Effective bilingual dictionaries must accurately and comprehensively reflect kinship terms and their equivalents. This study explores the lexicographic treatment of Xitsonga kinship terms in bilingual dictionaries, focusing on their definition, translation, and cross-referencing in English-Xitsonga contexts. It addresses the lexicographic challenges posed by kinship terms' cultural specificity and structural diversity across languages. Using a descriptive qualitative methodology, data were collected from the English-Tsonga/Tsonga-English Pocket Dictionary (2008) and the Pharos Bilingual Dictionary: English-Xitsonga/Xitsonga-English (2021). This study is guided by the user-driven approach to lexicography. The study has found that even though bilingual dictionaries offer some accurate equivalents, they often lack full definitions and overlook specific cultural nuances. Cultural differences between English and Xitsonga were identified as key factors limiting the inclusion of kinship equivalents. To improve the accuracy and cultural representation of kinship terms, this study recommends expanding definitions to cover a wider range of familial relationships and ensuring all relevant Xitsonga equivalents are included to reflect its cultural distinctions. These findings contribute to understanding the challenges and opportunities of presenting kinship terms and informing the improvement of bilingual lexicographic resources for Xitsonga
The use of technology to preserve indigenous languages of South Africa
Full text linkArticle, Faculty of Humanities (SA Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLar)--Northwest University, Potchefstroom CampusIndigenous languages in South Africa must be preserved to ensure that they do not lose their identity and become extinct. The four indigenous languages with the fewest speakers among South Africa’s 12 official languages are: Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa and isiNdebele. The preservation of these languages in South Africa has been a long-standing challenge because of various social and economic factors. With the advancement of technology, opportunities have arisen to preserve and promote the use of these languages. Therefore, this study explores various technological strategies that can be used to preserve the South African indigenous languages. These languages can be preserved by making them widely accessible to users through various strategies such as localisation of daily used technology, translation through crowdsourcing, digitisation and archiving. Digital learning tools such as machine translation (MT) and creating online dictionaries can also contribute to preserving these languages. Each of these strategies offers benefits on how technology could be employed effectively and facilitate the preservation of indigenous languages. This study demonstrates the significance of technology in preserving indigenous languages and promoting their use around the world.
Contribution: This study fills the practical gap in the use of technology to adequately preserve minority indigenous languages of South Africa, namely, Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa and isiNdebele. These languages do not receive much attention in terms of preservation using technology in South Africa. Therefore, the study provides practical technological strategies that need to be implemented to preserve the indigenous minority languages. The insight of this study into the use of technology to preserve South African languages fits well within the scope of Literator, which is to publish studies in linguistics and literature with a special focus on South African languages. This publication will bring solutions to how minority languages could be preserved in the context of South Africa
Using MonoConc Pro to teach and learn lexical collocations in Xitsonga
Full text linkFew language resources have been developed for indigenous languages in South Africa. Surprisingly, these are also official languages which constitutionally share the same language status as other languages. One of the major challenges for the development of basic language resources is the lack of digital corpora that can be used to train and develop the resources. Such a challenge has impeded the use of technology for research, learning, and teaching domains in indigenous languages. In this study, we used MonoConc Pro, a concordancer, to demonstrate how language users can utilise the software to display lexical collocation from a corpus for teaching and learning purposes. We illustrated how corpus can be used simultaneously with language technology to teach and learn aspects of linguistics in a form of lexical collocations in Xitsonga. An Autshumato Xitsonga Monolingual Corpus (AXMC) that was retrieved from the South African Centre for Digital Language Resources repository was used as data for analysis. The AXMC is a corpus that was collected and semi-automatically aligned at the sentence level during the Autshumato project. To search for lexical collocations, we interrogated the AXMC corpus using the MonoConc Pro program. A semi-automatic search for collocates of Xitsonga adjectives lavakulu, letikulu, lavantsongo, and letinene was conducted. The study found that lexical collocations or words that co-occur with adjectives are nouns, adjectives, possessives, and relatives. It was also observed that each adjective frequently collocates with certain nouns belonging to a specific class. The results obtained suggest a practical way in which language technologies can be used to explore corpora and examine language patterns for teaching and learning. We hope that this line of study will lead to the use of modern language resources to examine linguistic traits in indigenous languages
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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