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Assessing the rate of sedimentation of the Lubovane reservoir and the implications on the lifespan of the Lusip Project in Sphofaneni, Swaziland
No full textAn average of 19% of the reservoir storage volumes has been lost to sedimentation in Africa. The Lubovane reservoir in Swaziland, having been commissioned in 2009, is not an exception to sedimentation as all reservoirs globally lose about 1% of their storage due to sedimentation annually. The Lubovane reservoir was constructed as part of the Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project(LUSIP) aimed at intensifying and commercializing agriculture for smallholder farmers. The study aimed at determining the rates of sedimentation of the Lubovane reservoir, with sediment deposited from Mhlatuzane River and a canal that conveys water from the Usutu River to the reservoir. Suspended sediment concentration was determined through grab sampling 300mm below the water surface in the canal and the river. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) combined with GIS and remote sensing were used to predict sediment yield for the Mhlatuzane micro-catchment and it was validated using data that was collected from four erosion monitoring plots. A bathymetric survey was conducted in the Lubovane reservoir to determine the sediment that has already settled in the reservoir and the annual capacity loss due to deposition of sediment. The average sediment yield was found to be 26.8, 24.3, 8.83, 29.8 and 8.99 t.ha-1.yr-1 for years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2015 respectively. Concentration of suspended sediment was found to be 2231 mg/l and 3436 mg/l for Mhlatuzane River and the Feeder canal respectively. The sediment yield of the Mhlatuzane River derived from the sediment concentration was 2.98 t.ha-1.yr-1 and the combined sediment yield from the sediment concentration monitoring, was 0.82x106m3 leading to a 0.52% of storage capacity. The bathymetric survey data showed that there has already been 14.7x106m3 of sediment that has settled in the reservoir to date, with an annual capacity loss of 1.36%. Suspended sediment monitoring underestimated the sediment loading in the reservoir since bedload was not sampled and hence, this method cannot be used to without sampling bedload toadequately monitor siltation of the reservoir. The study then concluded that if no measures are taken to reduce sedimentation and the sedimentation rates remain at this level, the reservoir life will be reduced from 100 years (design lifespan) to 81 years.The loss of storage capacity will lead to an annual loss in 20% yield of 1.23%.,WaterNe
Assessing the rate of sedimentation of the Lubovane reservoir and the implications on the lifespan of the Lusip Project in Sphofaneni, Swaziland
No full textAn average of 19% of the reservoir storage volumes has been lost to sedimentation in Africa. The Lubovane reservoir in Swaziland, having been commissioned in 2009, is not an exception to sedimentation as all reservoirs globally lose about 1% of their storage due to sedimentation annually. The Lubovane reservoir was constructed as part of the Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project(LUSIP) aimed at intensifying and commercializing agriculture for smallholder farmers. The study aimed at determining the rates of sedimentation of the Lubovane reservoir, with sediment deposited from Mhlatuzane River and a canal that conveys water from the Usutu River to the reservoir. Suspended sediment concentration was determined through grab sampling 300mm below the water surface in the canal and the river. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) combined with GIS and remote sensing were used to predict sediment yield for the Mhlatuzane micro-catchment and it was validated using data that was collected from four erosion monitoring plots. A bathymetric survey was conducted in the Lubovane reservoir to determine the sediment that has already settled in the reservoir and the annual capacity loss due to deposition of sediment. The average sediment yield was found to be 26.8, 24.3, 8.83, 29.8 and 8.99 t.ha-1.yr-1 for years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2015 respectively. Concentration of suspended sediment was found to be 2231 mg/l and 3436 mg/l for Mhlatuzane River and the Feeder canal respectively. The sediment yield of the Mhlatuzane River derived from the sediment concentration was 2.98 t.ha-1.yr-1 and the combined sediment yield from the sediment concentration monitoring, was 0.82x106m3 leading to a 0.52% of storage capacity. The bathymetric survey data showed that there has already been 14.7x106m3 of sediment that has settled in the reservoir to date, with an annual capacity loss of 1.36%. Suspended sediment monitoring underestimated the sediment loading in the reservoir since bedload was not sampled and hence, this method cannot be used to without sampling bedload toadequately monitor siltation of the reservoir. The study then concluded that if no measures are taken to reduce sedimentation and the sedimentation rates remain at this level, the reservoir life will be reduced from 100 years (design lifespan) to 81 years.The loss of storage capacity will lead to an annual loss in 20% yield of 1.23%.WaterNe
Assessing the Rate of Sedimentation of the Lubovane Reservoir and the Implications on the Lifespan of the Lusip Project in Sphofaneni, Swaziland
No full textAn average of 19% of the reservoir storage volumes has been lost to sedimentation in Africa. The Lubovane reservoir in Swaziland, having been commissioned in 2009, is not an exception to sedimentation as all reservoirs globally lose about 1% of their storage due to sedimentation annually. The Lubovane reservoir was constructed as part of the Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP) aimed at intensifying and commercializing agriculture for smallholder farmers. The study aimed at determining the rates of sedimentation of the Lubovane reservoir, with sediment deposited from Mhlatuzane River and a canal that conveys water from the Usutu River to the reservoir. Suspended sediment concentration was determined through grab sampling 300mm below the water surface in the canal and the river. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) combined with GIS and remote sensing were used to predict sediment yield for the Mhlatuzane micro-catchment and it was validated using data that was collected from four erosion monitoring plots. A bathymetric survey was conducted in the Lubovane reservoir to determine the sediment that has already settled in the reservoir and the annual capacity loss due to deposition of sediment. The average sediment yield was found to be 26.8, 24.3, 8.83, 29.8 and 8.99 t.ha-1.yr-1 for years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2015 respectively. Concentration of suspended sediment was found to be 2231 mg/l and 3436 mg/l for Mhlatuzane River and the Feeder canal respectively. The sediment yield of the Mhlatuzane River derived from the sediment concentration was 2.98 t.ha-1.yr-1 and the combined sediment yield from the sediment concentration monitoring, was 0.82x106 m3 leading to a 0.52% of storage capacity. The bathymetric survey data showed that there has already been 14.7x106 m3 of sediment that has settled in the reservoir to date, with an annual capacity loss of 1.36%. Suspended sediment monitoring underestimated the sediment loading in the reservoir since bedload was not sampled and hence, this method cannot be used to without sampling bedload to adequately monitor siltation of the reservoir. The study then concluded that if no measures are taken to reduce sedimentation and the sedimentation rates remain at this level, the reservoir life will be reduced from 100 years (design lifespan) to 81 years. The loss of storage capacity will lead to an annual loss in 20% yield of 1.23%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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