177,881 research outputs found
Using Ontological Engineering to Organize Learning/Instructional Theories and Build a Theory-Aware Authoring System
No full textThis paper describes the achievements of an innovative eight-year research program first introduced in Mizoguchi and Bourdeau (2000), which was aimed at building a theory-aware authoring system by using ontological engineering. To date, we have proposed OMNIBUS, an ontology that comprehensively covers different learning/instructional theories and paradigms, and SMARTIES, a theory-aware and standards-compliant authoring system to create learning/instructional scenarios based on OMNIBUS. This approach was intended to bridge the gap between theory and practice in scientific and technological development, including learning/instruction support. The goals of this study included the following: that computers would (a) understand a variety of learning/instructional theories based on their organization, (b) utilize such understanding to help authors build learning/instructional scenarios, and (c) make such theoretically sound scenarios interoperable within the framework of technology standards. This paper suggests an ontological engineering solution to achieve these three goals and describes the implementation and feasibility demonstrations of the basic functions of SMARTIES, a solution that supports the design of learning/instructional scenarios based on multiple theories. Although the evaluation is far from complete in terms of practical use, we believe that the results of this study speak to high-level technical challenges of ITS authoring systems and the other areas of AIED, and therefore constitute a substantial contribution
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HIGH RESOLUTION INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF CH3F-(ortho-H2)n CLUSTER IN SOLID para-H2
No full textThe absorption spectrum of the (C-F stretching) mode of chem{CH_3F} in solid {sl para}-chem{H_2} by FTIR showed a series of equal interval peaksfootnote{K. Yoshioka and D. T. Anderson, J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 4731-4742}. Their interpretation was that the {sl n}-th peak of this series was due to chem{CH_3F}-({sl ortho}-chem{H_2}) clusters which were formed chem{CH_3F} and {sl n}�s {sl ortho}-chem{H_2} in first nearest neighbor sites of the {sl para}-chem{H_2} crystal with {sl hcp} structure. In order to understand this system in more detail, we have studied these peaks, especially {sl n} = 0 � 3 corresponding to 1037 - 1041 wn, by using high-resolution and high-sensitive infrared quantum cascade (QC) laser spectroscopy. Before now, we found many peaks around each {sl n}-th peak of the cluster, which we didn�t know their originsfootnote{A. R. W. McKellar, A. Mizoguchi, and H. Kanamori, J. Chem. Phys. 135 (2011) 124511}. We observed photochromic phenomenon of these peaks by taking an advantage of the high brightness of the laserfootnote{A. R. W. McKellar, A. Mizoguchi, and H. Kanamori, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 (2011) 11587-11589}.
In this study, we focus on satellite series consisting of six peaks which locate at the lower energy side of each main peak. All the peaks showed a common red shouldered line profile, which corresponds to partly resolved transitions of {sl ortho}- and {sl para}- chem{CH_3F}. The spectral pattern and time behavior of the peaks may suggest that these satellite series originate from a family of chem{CH_3F} clusters involving {sl ortho}-chem{H_2} in second nearest neighbor sites. A model function assuming this idea is used to resolve the observed spectrum into each Lorentzian component, and then some common features of the satellite peaks are extracted and the physical meanings of them will be discussed.Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T20:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Ontologies and Semantic Web Services for Intelligent Distributed Educational Systems (SWEL’07)
No full textFUZZY EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS SPEECH RECOGNITION
No full textIn designing a speech recognition expert system, there are a number of aspects to be considered-segmentation method, recognition unit, structure of the rule, and user aids. To avoid the difficulties in segmentation, an irregular unit based on spectral transition measure is proposed. Frames are used as the structure of the speech recognition rules. The structure provides the user with an easy way of making rules, and enables the building of an automatic rule generator. Fuzzy linguistic variables are used in representing rules. The rule-generating cycle, which includes a rule generator, a rule tester with an error reporter, and a state describer with other modules, could save much time in making rules and could result in high performance. The experimental results and comparison with the SPREX system, which is the basis of this system, are described
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