47 research outputs found
Book review: India and the Islamic heartlands: an Eighteenth-Century world of circulation and exchange by Gagan D.S. Sood
No full textDrawing on the chance discovery of a number of letters exchanged during the period, in India and the Islamic Heartlands: An Eighteenth-Century World of Circulation and Exchange author Gagan D.S. Sood attempts to capture the lives of ordinary people to reconstruct the connective tissues of a world lived beyond the purview of the sovereign. While the nature of the source material occasionally limits the book’s scope of analysis, this work successfully weaves together an insightful narrative to draw attention to a neglected arena and period, finds Mithilesh Kumar Jha
in vitro Effects of Nicotine on Lipid Peroxidation and Motility in Cattle Bull Ejaculated Spermatozoa
No full textTobacco smoking, driven mainly by nicotine consumption, is a known environmental factor adversely affecting male reproductive health. This study investigates the in vitro impact of nicotine on lipid peroxidation and motility in cattle bull ejaculated spermatozoa. Nicotine exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels measured over a 120-minute period. Lipid peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and was shown to escalate significantly in nicotine-treated samples. Concurrently, sperm motility decreased significantly in nicotine-treated groups compared to controls, suggesting compromised sperm function. The findings highlight oxidative stress, mediated by reactive oxygen species, as the principal mechanism underlying nicotine-induced sperm damage. This research underscores the detrimental effects of nicotine on sperm quality through increased oxidative membrane damage and reduced motility, emphasizing the importance of targeting oxidative stress to preserve male fertility in cattle bulls.
 
Management of cervical atresia and vaginal aplasia leading to hematometra and endometriosis in a young patient: a case report
No full textCervicovaginal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly of the female reproductive system where there is a complete absence or severe underdevelopment of the cervix and /or vagina usually presenting in adolescence with severe abdominal pain and primary amenorrhoea which can further lead to endometriosis and pelvic mass. Hereby, we are reporting such a rare case of cervicovaginal atresia in 24 years female who was managed with hysterectomy. Surgery is not strictly required during menstruation, but if there is hematometra, the surgery should be performed as soon as possible to relieve the obstruction. This case reporting aims to offer insights and recommendations for future research on cervicovaginal atresia, ultimately striving to enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.
How Jang Bahadur established Rana rule in Nepal
No full textThe Kot Massacre of 1846 gave sufficient power to Jang Bahadur to establish his dictatorial rule in Nepal. The butchery began after the murder of Gagan Singh, the power behind the throne on the 14th of September. Almost all the spirited nobles and the highest officers were either killed or exiled. King Rajendra Bikram Shah was on the throne. He was intimidated. He, against his conscience, had to confirm Jang Bahadur's appointment as 'Mukhtyar' and Commander-in-Chief made in his name by Queen Regent Rajya Lakshmi Devi, on whom he conferred all his power and who was the real author of that..
Surrogacy and citizenship in India: the problem of statelessness
No full textThis author came across a television report about the issue of citizenship of the twin children born out of a surrogate Indian mother and a German father. The Hon'ble High court of Gujarat referred such a situation as having no precedent in this country. This was a suitable case which was something sort of a deviation from the usual cases and there seemed to be a problem which required research and solution. This research started with these reflections. How to ascertain the citizenship of a child born out of a surrogate mother, if the mother is an Indian Citizen and the father is a German? The father of the child is a German, the egg was taken by an unknown donor and the surrogate mother only facilitated the process of gestation, hence it is justified in giving the child, the citizenship of Germany. It will be examined in the end of this paper whether this hypothesis is right
PFSL
No full textThe traditional framework of federated learning requires each client to re-train their models in every iteration, making it infeasible for resource-constrained mobile devices to train deep-learning (DL) models. Split learning (SL) provides an alternative by using a centralized server to offload the computation of activation and back-propagation for a subset of the model but suffers from problems of slow convergence and lower accuracy.
In this paper, we implement PFSL, a new framework of distributed split learning where a large number of thin clients perform transfer learning in parallel, starting with a pre-trained DL model without sharing their data or labels with a central server. We implement a lightweight step of personalization of client models to provide high performance for their respective data distributions. Furthermore, we evaluate performance fairness amongst clients under a work fairness constraint for various scenarios of non-i.i.d. data distributions and unequal sample sizes. Our accuracy far exceeds that of current SL algorithms and is very close to that of centralized learning on several real-life benchmarks. It has a very low computation cost and promises to deliver the full benefits of DL to extremely thin, resource-constrained clients
Beyond boundaries: Charting the frontier of healthcare with big data and ai advancements in pharmacovigilance
No full textThe healthcare sector is intricate, generating vast amounts of data from various sources at an accelerated pace. The contemporary trend of Big Data Analytics is pivotal, impacting not only the pharmaceutical industry but also transforming healthcare, contributing to personalized treatment, aiding in preventive healthcare, managing electronic health records, facilitating adverse drug reporting, and incorporating consumer reviews. This article provides an overview of the inevitable influence of big data and the utilization of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing both healthcare and the pharmaceutical sector. It delves into the notable benefits and challenges encountered in advancing data analytics of the early 21st century.In many countries, Post-marketing surveillance of drug safety relinquishes on a systematic analysis of spontaneous using Generative artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome gaps in the present PV ecosystem is critical to maintaining an uninterrupted record of security and effectiveness within healthcare analytics, data mining techniques, predictive analytics, and the emergence of scientific fields like bioinformatics and health informatics are empowered by Big Data. Nevertheless, the integration of AI in healthcare, especially in pharmacovigilance, aligns with the evolving landscape of electronic health information technology. In conclusion, review highlights the transformative impact of Big Data and AI in healthcare, emphasizing their applications in pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology. The continuous evolution of these technologies holds promise for improving patient safety, personalized medicine, and overall healthcare outcomes
PatchAlign:Fair and Accurate Skin Disease Image Classification by Alignment with Clinical Labels
No full textDeep learning models have achieved great success in automating skin lesion diagnosis. However, the ethnic disparity in these models\u27 predictions needs to be addressed before deploying them. We introduce a novel approach, PatchAlign, to enhance skin condition image classification accuracy and fairness by aligning with clinical text representations of skin conditions. PatchAlign uses Graph Optimal Transport (GOT) Loss as a regularizer to perform cross-domain alignment. The representations obtained are robust and generalize well across skin tones, even with limited training samples. To reduce the effect of noise and artifacts in clinical dermatology images, we propose a learnable Masked Graph Optimal Transport for cross-domain alignment that further improves fairness metrics.
We compare our model to the state-of-the-art FairDisCo on two skin lesion datasets with different skin types: Fitzpatrick17k and Diverse Dermatology Images (DDI). PatchAlign enhances the accuracy of skin condition image classification by 2.8% (in-domain) and 6.2% (out-domain) on Fitzpatrick17k, and 4.2% (in-domain) on DDI compared to FairDisCo. Additionally, it consistently improves the fairness of true positive rates across skin tones.
The source code for the implementation is available at the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/aayushmanace/PatchAlign24, enabling easy reproduction and further experimentation.MICCAI 2024. Early Accept Paper (amongst the top 11% of 2869 papers submitted
Biomedical Image Indexing and Retrieval Descriptors: A Comparative Study
No full textAbstractThis paper focuses on the comparison of two new proposed pattern descriptors i.e., local mesh ternary pattern (LMeTerP) and directional local ternary quantized extrema pattern (DLTerQEP) for biomedical image indexing and retrieval. The standard local binary patterns (LBP) and local ternary patterns (LTP) encode the gray scale relationship between the center pixel and its surrounding neighbors in two dimensional (2D) local region of an image whereas the former descriptor encodes the gray scale relationship among the neighbors for a given center pixel with three selected directions of mess patterns which is generated from 2D image and later descriptor encodes the spatial relation between any pair of neighbors in a local region along the given directions (i.e., 0̊, 45̊, 90̊ and 135̊) for a given center pixel in an image. The novelty of the proposed descriptors is that they use ternary patterns from images to encode more spatial structure information which lead to better retrieval. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the new techniques in terms of average retrieval precision (ARP) and average retrieval rate (ARR) over state-of-the-art feature extraction techniques (like LBP, LTP, LQEP, LMeP etc.) on three different types of benchmark biomedical databases
