63,119 research outputs found
Seasonal effect on physiological, reproductive and fertility profiles in breeding mithun bulls
No full textObjective: To analyse the seasonal effect on physiological parameters, reproductive profiles and in vitro fertility in breeding mithun bulls.Methods: A total of ten adult mithun bulls age of 5 to 6 years old with good body condition (score 5-6) were selected from ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland, India. The seasons were categorised into winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons based on the meteorological data and sunshine hours. The physiological parameters, reproductive profiles and in vitro fertility parameters were assessed during different seasons in mithun under the semi-intensive system of management.Results: The statistical analysis revealed that these experimental parameters were differed significantly (P<0.05) among the seasons and in overall spring and winter seasons were more beneficial in mithun breeding programme, although, the breeding in mithun occurred throughout the year with variation.Conclusions: It is concluded that collection & preservation of mithun semen and artificial insemination in mithun species during the season of spring and winter has significant beneficial effect in terms of semen production, freezability and fertility for artificial breeding programme in mithun under the semi-intensive system
sperm cryopreservation glycerol mithun
No full textNot AvailableThe effect of concentration and addition method of glycerol on the quality of cryopreserved mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa was investigated. Semen samples were collected from five healthy mithun bulls through rectal massage method and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The samples were diluted in Tris–egg yolk–glycerol extender, equilibrated for 4 h at 4 °C and loaded into 0.50‐ml straws. The straws were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and finally plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. The required amount of glycerol was added into the diluted samples either in a single dose (3%, 4%, 5%, 6% or 7%; added at 37 °C immediately before equilibration) or in split doses (5%, 6% or 7%; the total amount was divided into four equal parts, and a part was added at 37 °C immediately before equilibration, and the remaining parts were added subsequently at 1, 2 and 3 h of equilibration at 4 °C). In the single‐dose addition method, following freeze‐thawing, greater (p < 0.05) motility (%) and proportion of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome (LSIA, %) in 5% glycerol (40.6 ± 1.7 and 43.4 ± 1.8 respectively) and lesser (p < 0.05) total morphological abnormalities (%) in 5% (14.1 ± 0.8) and 6% (13.7 ± 1.0) glycerol were observed compared to the other glycerol concentrations. In the split‐dose addition method, following freeze‐thawing, greater (p < 0.05) motility (%) and LSIA proportion (%) were found in 5% (50.2 ± 1.9 and 53.3 ± 1.8 respectively) compared to 6% or 7% glycerol, but the total morphological abnormalities were not different among the glycerol concentrations. In addition, in all the glycerol concentrations, better (p < 0.05) post‐freeze‐thaw motility and LSIA proportions were observed when glycerol was added in split doses compared to a single dose. In conclusion, Tris–egg yolk extender with 5% glycerol added in split doses was found most suitable for cryopreserving mithun sperm.Not Availabl
Effect of low density lipoprotein on replacement of egg yolk in liquid preservation of mithun semen
No full textThis investigation explored the use of low density lipoproteins (LDL) from egg yolk (EY) in replacement EY on semen quality parameters (SQPs), velocity and motility parameters by Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) and biochemical parameters following liquid storage (5°C) of mithun semen. A total of 25 ejaculates collected from ten healthy mithun bulls and diluted with the standard tris citrate glycerol (TCG) extender were splited into three equal aliquots: Group 1, Control; EY, Group 2 and Group 3 contained 8 and 10% (w/v on dry weight basis) LDL, respectively. SQPs, CASA and biochemical parameters were evaluated following incubation of semen at 5°C. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) improvement in these parameters in group 2 as compared to group 1 and 3. It was concluded that addition of 8% LDL (w/v) holds a clear advantage over EY or 10% LDL in preservation of mithun semen at liquid storage
Molecular identification of Ixodid ticks of mithun from Nagaland
No full textAn animal health check-up and treatment camp during the year 2015 for the free ranging mithun (Bos frontalis) organized at Khonoma and Jotsoma villages of Kohima district, Nagaland showed Ixodid tick infestation on these animals, with the ticks attached to the dewlap and inner aspects of the thighs. Based on their morphological features, the ticks were identified to belong to the genus Ixodes. However, identification of these ticks to Ixodes ovatus and I. acutitarsus was made by the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-2 region of these ticks. The present study showed both I. ovatus and I. acutitatarsus are prevalent on the mithun in this area and is the first report on the occurrence of I. ovatus on the mithun
Research on Freezability of Spermatozoa by Use of Various Concentrations of Glycerol in Mithun (Bos frontalis) Semen Cryopreservation
No full textA study was conducted to investigate the various glycerol concentrations on freezability of mithun semen. The present study was conducted in semen production laboratory, ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, India. A total of 20 ejaculates were collected from apparently healthy mithun bulls (n=6) by trans-rectal massage method. These ejaculates were extended with tris–egg yolk-citrate-glycerol diluent (TECG) and 5, 6 and 7% (v/v) glycerol, respectively were used as a cryoprotectant. Extended semen was equilibrated, cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen with standard protocols. Semen quality parameters (SQPs) such as percentage of forward progressive motility, viability (Eosin Nigrosin staining), acrosomal integrity (Giemsa staining) and total morphological abnormality (Eosin Nigrosin staining) were estimated with standard procedure at different stage of preservation and with different concentration of the glycerol. The result revealed that these semen quality parameters were differed non-significantly among the three experimental groups at immediately after final dilution (Stage: 1) and differed significantly (p<0.05) at 4 hrs of equilibration (Stage: 2) and at post thawing stage (Stage: 3) of semen cryopreservation. Further, 5% glycerol treated group has shown significantly (p<0.05) higher values of motility and live with acrosomal integrity and lower value of total morphological abnormality than in 6% or 7% glycerol treated groups. Based on the result, it was concluded that 5% glycerol was best for the TECG diluent for preserving mithun semen in liquid nitrogen
A Perception-based Study of Tribal Farmers Regarding Semi-intensive Mithun Rearing Systems in Nagaland, India
No full textThe study was conducted between August and November, 2024 in four prominent Mithun-rearing districts of Nagaland-Phek, Peren, Kohima, and Kiphire. The objective of the study was to understand farmers’ perceptions of the semi-intensive Mithun rearing system and to analyze the relationship between their profile characteristics and perceptions. A total of 240 farmers from 16 villages were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, and farmers’ perceptions were assessed on a five-point Likert scale. Findings revealed that the majority of farmers held a positive view of the semi-intensive system, acknowledging its benefits such as minimizing damage caused by Mithun to agricultural crops, providing better income, reducing calf mortality, enabling easier vaccination, offering better protection against predators, and improving herd management. Nevertheless, concerns were expressed about increased labour requirements and high initial infrastructure costs. Socio-economic and personal characteristics such as education, training, landholding size, innovativeness, extension contact, and livestock ownership significantly influenced perception levels. Among these, landholding, innovativeness, training, and extension contact together explained 81.4% of the variation in perception.The study concluded that the semi-intensive Mithun farming system had strong potential to enhance sustainable livestock production and improve the livelihoods of tribal farmers in Nagaland. With suitable policy interventions, capacity-building programs, and financial support, adoption of this system could be further strengthened to ensure both economic and ecological sustainability
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
No full textAim: The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: Approximately, 10 g of feces was collected from recently voided feces in airtight fecal collection vials (HiMedia, India). Fecal samples were subjected to the direct method and centrifuge flotation method for finding out parasitic ova. The ova were identified on the basis of morphological characters described by Soulsby, 1982.
Result: A total of 78 fecal samples were collected. Of 78, 44 (56.41%) samples were found positive. Most of the positive fecal sample showed mixed infection of different helminths parasites egg. Fasciola spp. and Amphistome spp. were the two predominant parasites among the flukes. In nematodes infection, Toxocara vitulorum was the least prevalent GI nematodes. In the case of cestodes Moniezia expansa was little higher (14%) in semi-intensive.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that Mithun is infected by several GI parasites. Among trematodes, Fasciola, and Amphistomes are predominantly spp. whereas, Strongyle and Trichuris are more prevalent spp. among nematodes and Moniezia among cestodes parasites
Effect of walking and summer stress on physiological, heamatological and antioxidant profiles in mithun bulls
No full textThe study was conducted to evaluate effect of walking stress on physiological, heamatological and antioxidant profiles in mithun bulls. Mithun bulls (12) of adult age of 4 to 6 yr (500–600 kg body weight) with body condition score 5–6 were selected and divided into group 1 (6): control (not exposed to walking and thermal stress) and group 2 (6): treatment (exposed to walking and thermal stress). The treatment group was allowed to walk 15 km to and fro from the farm without allowing grazing. The control animals were kept in the adjacent shed covered with asbestos sheets and surrounded by big trees. The time of walking was from 0900 h to 1400 h. The experiment was conducted during summer (May to July). Immediately after stress, the animals were restrained and physiological parameters such as rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature (ST) were measured. Meanwhile, blood samples were collected to study the heamatological such as red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and antioxidant profiles such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHRx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxide such as malondialdehyde (MDA). The result revealed that physiological, heamatological profiles and MDA were significantly higher and antioxidant profiles were significantly lowered in stressed animals than in unstressed animal group. It was concluded that the walking stress and hot summer stress has significantly affected the performance of mithun
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
Spontaneous Erection and Masturbation in Mithun (Bos frontalis) Bulls
No full textIn domestic species, spontaneous erection and penile movements or manipulation occur in an awake state, the behaviour is commonly known as masturbation. Six mithun bulls were selected, of which, three from Mizoram and three from Manipur strain. These strains were observed over a period of 12 months. This behaviuor were observed from 1800 to 800 hrs and especially in winter and spring season. The parameters studied were duration of erection, frequency of movements of penis, time of sexual erection and masturbation. Seminal parameters such as volume, mass activity, progressive motility, live sperm, concentration, abnormality, acrosomal integrity and HOST were studied, which were collected by massage method. Other parameters such as success rate, protrusion time, length of penis and ejaculation time were also studied. The seminal parameters were showed that there was no significant difference between the affected and unaffected animal. But the unaffected animals were non-significantly higher in seminal parameter than affected animals
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