1,721,599 research outputs found
Mitchell (Richard P.) The Society of the Muslim Brothers
No full textMitchell (Richard P.) The Society of the Muslim Brothers. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°108, 1999. p. 138
Mitchell (Richard P.) The Society of the Muslim Brothers
No full textMitchell (Richard P.) The Society of the Muslim Brothers. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°108, 1999. p. 138
An integration of aggregate and disaggregate census data
No full textIdentifying the different social characteristics and location of residential populations is an important task (Shevky and Bell 1955), both for social theorists and for the machinery of state and administration. Currently, the data with which the relationship between social character and residential location is explored, are inadequate for the task. This inadequacy stems from the lack of detailed information about social structure at a fine spatial scale (Birkin and Clarke, 1995). The source most commonly applied to issues of socio-spatial structure is the Small Area Statistics (SAS), drawn from the 1991 UK Census Of Population. The SAS data are aggregate and do not provide detailed information on the characteristics of households or individuals for the small spatial areas which they describe. They are therefore often used to provide single classifications of areas, based upon their aggregate census characteristics.In 1993 a new, disaggregate, data set was released from the 1991 Census of Population. The Samples of Anonymised Records (SAR) provide considerable detail about the characteristics of two samples of households and individuals. However, a restriction on the spatial resolution of these data is employed to assist in preserving the anonymity of sample members. Alone, the SAR is not suited to the detailed analysis of socio-spatial structure required.Through the use of social theory (Harvey, 1989), an analogy may be drawn between the problems in using aggregate census data and those faced by Earth Observation (EO) researchers in the analysis of satellite imagery. EO researchers have developed solutions to these problems, through the fuzzy classification of small areas. Such an approach is adapted for use with census data, through deriving a classification of households from the SAR and inferring the proportional presence of these household classes in a small area, from the SAS.</p
Social integration as a determinant of inequalities in green space usage: insights from a theoretical agent-based model
Full text linkVisiting urban green spaces (UGS) benefits physical and mental health. However, socio-economic and geographical inequalities in visits persist and their causes are under-explored. Perceptions of, and attitudes to, other UGS users have been theorised as a determinant of visiting. In the absence of data on these factors, we created a spatial agent-based model (ABM) of four cities in Scotland to investigate intra- and inter-city inequalities in UGS visiting. The ABM focused on the plausibility of a ‘social integration hypothesis' whereby the primary factor in decisions to visit UGS is an assessment of who else is likely to be using the space. The model identified the conditions under which this mechanism was sufficient to reproduce the observed inequalities. The addition of environmental factors, such as neighbourhood walkability and green space quality, increased the ability of the model to reproduce observed phenomena. The model identified the potential for unanticipated adverse effects on both overall visit numbers and inequalities of interventions targeting those in lower socio-economic groups
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
