103,025 research outputs found
A Novel Airframe Design Methodology For Silent Aircraft
No full textThe impact of noise on civil aviation is not just a localised airport problem, but a global concern, due
to the ever-increasing demands for passenger travel. The challenge of designing a ‘Silent Aircraft’
lies within the development, integration, and optimisation of efficient airframe-engine technologies.
This research study investigates the design of novel airframes with the aim of producing a
methodology that incorporates airframe noise. Studies investigating the design of Broad Deltas (BD),
Blended Wing Bodies (BWB), and Joined Wing airframe configurations are integrated with
innovative propulsion systems designs to identify key parameters in order to design a Silent Aircraft.
The airframe configuration plays an important role in the total aircraft noise, where the novel
airframes that are analysed, are compared to a datum ‘baseline’ aircraft. All novel configurations
show significant improvements in airframe noise reduction, enhanced by the addition of ultra-efficient
propulsion systems, for which integration studies are discussed. The research into novel airframes
uses a developed design methodology which integrates design considerations such as aerodynamics,
performance, and cost models to complement the noise analysis and identify the most silent airframe
configuration.
The research goal was to identify a silent airframe solution for a future viable short-medium range
airliner, where the final solutions described suggest proposals for the future development of aviation.
The proposals suggested describe a short-term solution to the noise challenge, with a longer-term
solution to aid the development of technologies, maturity in technology release levels (TRLs), and
development of a future 2050 medium capacity civil airliner
The role of airway tissue-resident memory T Cells in severe asthma
No full textThe growing realisation that severe asthma encompasses a collection of clinical phenotypes and endotypes, plus the variable response to current asthma therapies suggest underlying pathophysiological heterogeneity and complex immune molecular pathways.T cells are critical orchestrators of airway inflammation. However, the role of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, localised to sites of inflammation in the airway epithelium, in the pathogenesis of severe asthma remains unknown. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the molecular heterogeneity of airway CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells in severe asthma pathogenesis and extend this characterisation to the underlying clinical phenotypic nature of severe asthma compared to mild asthma.In the first section of this thesis, I undertook extensive clinical phenotypic characterisation of participants with difficult/severe and mild asthma (Chapter 3). Subsequent separate K-means clustering analysis of the difficult/severe and mild asthma cohorts identified 6 clinically relevant difficult/severe asthma clusters and 2 mild asthma clusters, reflecting severe disease heterogeneity (Chapter 4).For the second section of this thesis, bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid samples collected from a proportion of severe and mild asthma participants were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry. This analysis suggested that CD103+CD4+ TRM and CD103+CD8+ TRM cells represented the dominant population in asthma. Subsequent bulk and single-cell RNA-seq of BAL memory CD4+ (Chapter 5) and CD8+ (Chapter 6) T cell populations were completed to investigate the molecular profiles of these cells in relation to asthma severity. The transcriptional profiling of BAL CD4+ T cells highlighted a novel population of cytotoxic CD103+CD4+ TRM cells enriched for transcripts linked to TCR activation, TH1-like cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory molecular features, which was associated with increasing asthma severity in the male adult-onset severe asthma phenotype. In contrast, the transcriptional profiling of BAL CD8+ T cells revealed 9 transcriptionally distinct putative airway CD103+CD8+ TRM cell states across the spectrum of asthma severity, thus highlighting significant molecular heterogeneity. Strikingly, 3 airway CD8+ TRM cell states were unique to severe asthma and appeared to be highly proliferative with enhanced cytotoxicity, glucocorticoid insensitivity and pro-inflammatory molecular properties. Such superior functional properties of cytotoxic CD103+CD4+ TRM and CD103+CD8+ TRM cells suggest their role as key drivers of persistent airway inflammation, remodelling and glucocorticoid insensitivity in severe asthma.In conclusion, these novel findings indicate the need to look beyond the traditional T2 model of severe asthma to better understand disease heterogeneity. Future work will aim towards completing functional studies in vivo to better understand the molecular role of airway CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cell populations and their interactions in severe asthma
Representations of migrant and nation in selected works of Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie
No full textThis thesis explores the representations of, and the relationship between. the migrant and the nation in selected works of the Bombay-born novelists Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie. I explore each writer's engagement with contemporary debates surrounding the material, political, social and imaginative consequences of the crisis in secularism in India during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and consider how this engagement is informed by their
migrant positions beyond India's borders. A primary concern is the way in which Mistry's and Rushdie's representations of the nation, and of migrant and diasporic subjects, intersects with the representation of Bombay in their work.
This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters concentrate on Mistry's fiction, the remaining three on Rushdie's work. Published between 1988 and 2002, the central novels examined are situated within debates regarding the founding principles of the Indian nation, and notions of Indianness, the rise of communalism in general and Hindu nationalism in particular, and the renaming of Bombay as Mumbai. My readings foreground the necessity of a
close understanding of the historical and political transformations taking place within Bombay and India during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, but also during the 1950s and 1960s. I argue that Mistry's and Rushdie's work is informed by a deepening anxiety over these socio-political transformations, and over how reconfigurations of Indianness increasingly position minority communities, and migrant and diasporic subjects, outside of definitions of national identity.
This anxiety extends into the negotiation of their own migrant positions. My reading of the differing representations of the migrant in Mistry's and Rushdie's work engages with ideas of accountability, political responsibility, and with notions of cosmopolitanism. In doing so, I question familiar assumptions regarding the migrant condition as one of predominantly empowering political agency. I argue that, while both authors emphasise the importance of the migrant sustaining a critical engagement with India's politics, they also foreground the anxious difficulties of doing so. This difficulty informs Mistry's and Rushdie's divergent negotiation of their own position as migrant writers, and I examine how their fiction is marked by an anxiety over the adequacy of writing as a mode of political engagement with the crisis in secularism and the parochialisation of Bombay, and as a means of negotiating the politics of migrancy
Embracing the Digital Transformation in Business Psychology: A Path to Innovation and Impact
No full textPEREPCZKO, A., BOLTON, L., GORDON, T., MISTRY, T., PHEIFFER G., & HOWARD, R. (2023) “Embracing the Digital Transformation in Business Psychology: A Path to Innovation and Impact” International Psychology Conference Dubai (IPCD), 14th–15th October 2023, Dubai, UAE
Embracing the Digital Transformation in Business Psychology: A Path to Innovation and Impact
No full textPEREPCZKO, A., BOLTON, L., GORDON, T., MISTRY, T., PHEIFFER G., & HOWARD, R. (2023) “Embracing the Digital Transformation in Business Psychology: A Path to Innovation and Impact” International Psychology Conference Dubai (IPCD), 14th–15th October 2023, Dubai, UAE
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Air conditioning and electricity expenditure: The role of climate in temperate countries
No full textThis paper investigates how households adopt and use air conditioning to adapt to climate change and increasingly high temperatures, which pose a threat to the health of vulnerable populations. The analysis examines conditions in eight temperate, industrialized countries (Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland). The identification strategy exploits cross-country and cross-household variations by matching geocoded households with climate data. Our findings suggest that households respond to excess heat by purchasing and using air conditioners, leading to increased electricity consumption. Households on average spend 35%–42% more on electricity when they adopt air conditioning. Through an illustrative analysis, we show that climate change and the growing demand for air conditioning are likely to exacerbate energy poverty. The number of energy poor who spend a high share of income on electricity increases, and households in the lowest income quantile are the most negatively affected
Population-weighted degree-days: The global shift between heating and cooling
No full textAnthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are driving global increases in temperature. This rise will likely lead to an increase in demand for cooling in the coming years. However, increasing temperatures are not the main explanatory factor for why the world is moving towards more cooling. This paper compares population and area-weighted cooling and heating degree-days derived using ERA5-Land reanalysis temperature, to show that population growth in warmer parts of the world drives cooling demand globally. The analysis shows that mean global area-weighted heating degree-days have fallen 8.46 degrees C days/year, whereas population-weighted heating degree-days have fallen by 12.5 degrees C days/year. At the same time, mean global area-weighted cooling degree-days have risen by 3.0 degrees C days/year, while populationweighted cooling degree-days have risen at 6.0 degrees C days/year. By using sub-country analysis, this paper shows that population-weighted degree-days can substantially differ from area-weighted degree-days. Finally, the findings highlight that the choice of heating and cooling degree-day base temperature is the most important parameter in the variability of degree-days and will need to be understood better in order to accurately account for future heating and cooling energy demand. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Oral Myiasis—A Pauper's Affection: Case Reports and a Review of 62 Cases
No full textABSTRACTOral myiasis is a rare disease caused by infestation of larvae of certain dipteran flies. It is reported mostly in developing, tropical countries. The warm and humid climate along with local factors, such as poor oral hygiene and neglect forms a conducive environment for larvae and predisposes toward the disease. This disease often manifests in patients with low socioeconomic backgrounds, debilitating condition, and poor living conditions. Herein, we describe a series of three cases of different presentations of oral and facial myiasis and also discuss the predisposing factors and challenges in the treatment by reviewing a list of 62 cases in recent literature.Through this review and reports, we hope to spread awareness regarding the not so uncommon, but easily preventable disease of oral myiasis and initiate proper research in this neglected section of disease.How to cite this articleNatarajan S, Mistry YA, Mistry T, Kokal S. Oral Myiasis—A Pauper's Affection: Case Reports and a Review of 62 Cases. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):62-70.</jats:sec
Vulnerability of Disabled bodies as Societal Issues in A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry
No full textRohinton Mistry was a Parsi writer who depicted the lives and struggles of common man between 1947 – 1984. In his work he portrays about the reality of India aftermath independence. Most of his works such as ‘A fine Balance’, ‘Such a long journey’,‘Family Matters’, ‘The Tale of Firozsha Baag’, has a deep message related to socio-political and cultural realities of India. Major themes include: social inequality, caste system, political oppression, corruption, exile, migration, human resilience, silence, dignity, urban life, poverty, identity, cruelty and communal riots
- …
