54 research outputs found
Surface Modified Solid Lipid Curcumin Nanoparticles For Oral Delivery
No full textCurcumin is a naturally available polyphenolic compound that has demonstrated chemotherapeutic effects in several carcinogenic models as well as pre-clinical trials. However, its poor oral bioavailability due to extremely low aqueous solubility, poor permeability and extensive pre-systemic metabolism has been the major limitation for its use as a chemotherapeutic agent. Solid lipid nanoparticulate formulations have been successfully used to enhance the oral bioavailability of several poorly soluble drugs. The objective of the present research was to develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of curcumin using GMO/chitosan based nanoparticulate system containing two different stabilizers. |The oil/water nanoemulsions were prepared by sonication and high pressure homogenization (HPH) using GMO/chitosan system. Two different stabilizers namely, PVA and poloxamer 407 were used for this purpose. The particles size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) of nanoemulsion were determined at different stages of preparation using zetameter. The physical stability of the nanoemulsion was studied at 25⁰C over a period of 60 days by determining its PS and ZP. The blank and curcumin loaded nanoemulsions of both PVA as well as poloxamer containing formulations were further lyophilized and characterized for PS and ZP. The surface morphology of drug loaded nanostructures was determined using scanning electron microscopy. The weight loss of these formulations on heating was investigated using thermogravimetry while the moisture content was determined using Karl Fischer titrimetry. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the physical state of the drug in the nanostructures. An UPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of curcumin. The in vitro release of curcumin from the nanostructures was evaluated at 37⁰C in pH 7.4 buffer containing 0.5% (w/v) Tween 80 by using UPLC. The cellular uptake of curcumin from the solution as well as nanostructures was investigated in Caco-2 cells after 30, 60 and 90 minutes of treatment. |The process of HPH effectively reduced the particle size of the curcumin loaded GMO/chitosan nanoemulsions by 50 to 65% after three cycles. Loading the GMO/chitosan system with a hydrophobic drug caused an increase in its particle size. Poloxamer 407 was found to be a more efficient stabilizer as compared to PVA to stabilize the GMO/chitosan nanostructures because it gives stable nanoemulsions at a % (w/v) concentration five times less than PVA. The DSC and XRD studies confirmed the crystalline nature of drug in the nanostructures and showed that the absence of visible thermal events in the DSC thermograms could be misleading if two opposite thermal events occur at the same temperature range. Use of poloxamer as a stabilizer sustained the curcumin release from the nanostructures when compared with PVA. The percent cumulative release of curcumin from the nanoparticulate formulation with PVA and poloxamer after 171 hours was found to be 73.93 ± 5.25 and 53.15 ± 5.84, respectively. The cellular uptake of curcumin was 2.5-fold higher in nanostructures containing PVA as compared to poloxamer, at all the time points tested. Appropriate selection of stabilizer for the fabrication of GMO/chitosan nanoparticulate system can affect its ZP, surface morphology, rates of release and cellular uptake in Caco-2 cells. However, the PS, moisture content, and physical state of the drug in the system, was unaffected by the type of stabilizers tested.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optionxvii, 82 page
Pinal County wildlife connectivity assessment : report on stakeholder input
No full textabstract: This report and the accompanying Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets summarize the results of the workshop held in Florence, Arizona in 2010. At this workshop, stakeholders representing a broad range of organizations and interests identified and mapped the locations of important wildlife linkages across Pinal County. This report provides background information on the importance and benefits of conserving wildlife linkages for both people and wildlife in Pinal County and describes the methods used during stakeholder workshops and in developing the accompanying GIS products. It includes a series of maps generated from the digitized stakeholder data that depict the general locations of wildlife linkages and potential barriers to wildlife movement within Pinal County. The maps are followed by tables with descriptive information about the habitat areas each linkage connects, the species each linkage serves, and known threats and potential conservation opportunities associated with each linkage.Associated GIS datasets available by contacting the Department's GIS Program at [email protected] bibliographical references (p. 35-39)
The future at Pinal: making choices, making places
No full textabstract: For most of the past 50 years, Pinal County hasn't had to think much about its image, choices, or growth. But now, Pinal County is changing faster than anyone ever imagined. Will Pinal become a distinguishable destination or simply a McMega drive through? If Pinal rises to the occasion, the result can be a vibrant, sustainable, and competitive place that takes advantage of its location. If Pinal fails to choose wisely, its bedroom community future is already visible in the East Valley and subdivisions north of Tucson. Which will it be?
When Arizona's economy depended on the 4Cs – copper, cotton, citrus, and cattle – Pinal County was a leader in 2 of them. These historic sources of wealth and touchstones of heritage still play a role in the county's economy, but dramatic population growth and new economic drivers make this a different, distinctive time. This new era demands new vision, new ideas, and new ways of thinking, even as past strengths are kept in mind."On behalf of the Pinal County Board of Supervisors, July 2007."Includes bibliographical references (p. 47).Arizona Board of Regents for and on behalf of Arizona State University and its Morrison Institute for Public Polic
Pinal County corridors definition study
No full textabstract: In September 2004, ADOT awarded a contract for the Pinal County Corridors Definition Study to Kimley-Horn and Associates. The scope of the Pinal County Corridors Definition Study included the following activities:
* Confirm the need for the East Valley and the North-South corridors;
* Define planning-level corridor definition alternatives;
* Perform a technical assessment of engineering, environmental, and land use compatibility constraints opportunities for the planning-level corridor definition alternatives;
* Identify to the extent possible, feasible and preferred planning-level corridor definitions on the basis of the technical evaluation;
* Document planning-level costs of corridor development (including studies, design, construction, and right-of-way costs) for the preferred corridor definitions.
The Pinal County Corridors Definition Study resulted in sufficient detail to provide a basis for the future establishment of geometric roadway alignments and corridor design concepts, the preservation of right-of-way, and the identification of required environmental clearance studies.Working paper no. 1: Existing and future conditions, needs and deficiencies. (July 2005)
Working paper no. 2: Evaluation of planning-level corridor definition alternatives. (Dec. 2005)
Working paper no. 3: Evaluation of corridor definition alternatives in the Florence and Coolidge area. (June 2006)
Summary report no. 1: Public involvement report, round one. (May 2005)
Summary report no. 2: Public involvement report, round two. (Sept. 2005)
Summary report no. 3: Public involvement, round three. (Oct. 2006)
Final report. (Jan. 2007
Pinal County planning model : socioeconomic estimates and forecasts
No full textabstract: This report describes the development of base and future socioeconomic estimates for the Pinal Corridor Planning Model, developed by ADOT to support the evaluation of potential new highway corridors in Northern Pinal County. This section presents a summary of the methodology, data sources used, and historical trends in population and employment growth. The following two sections present the base and future year methods and resulting estimates of population and employment.At head of title on title page: Draft report; on cover: Final report
Identification of emissions sources for Pinal County : final report
No full textabstract: Given the inevitable transportation changes associated with impending growth in Pinal County, there was a need for a method to assess how corresponding emissions changes might affect PM10 and Ozone concentrations in the county and at the monitor sites. The overall objective of the project was to develop methods or models that could be used in Pinal County to adequately address air pollution issues in the County.Includes bibliographical references
Strength of drug-polymer interactions: Implications on molecular mobility and crystallization in amorphous dispersions
No full textUniversity of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. October 2016. Major: Pharmaceutics. Advisor: Dr. Raj Suryanarayanan. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 173 pages.Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) provide a powerful avenue to potentially enhance the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. However, the physical instability in the amorphous state (i.e. crystallization) is a major impediment to the development ASDs as solid oral dosage forms. By identifying the key factors affecting the stability and the underlying mechanism of stabilization by the polymer, robust solid dispersions can be formulated that are resistant to crystallization. The goal of this thesis work is to (i) gain a mechanistic understanding of the stabilization brought about by drug-polymer interactions, (ii) provide guidelines for rational selection of polymers and (iii) provide simple and rapid methods for predicting crystallization times in ASDs. Overall our objectives were (i) to study the role of the strength of drug-polymer interactions on the molecular mobility and crystallization propensity (both onset time and crystallization rate) of ASDs, (ii) to study the coupling between mobility and crystallization and thereby use molecular mobility as a predictor of crystallization times in ASDs and (iii) provide an accelerated stability screening approach to predict long-term stability of ASDs. In our model systems (ketoconazole ASDs), both an increase in strength of drug-polymer interactions as well as polymer concentration resulted in a disproportionate increase in relaxation times (lowering of the molecular mobility). Stronger drug-polymer interactions translated to longer crystallization onset times and a decrease in the magnitude of crystallization rate constant, indicating enhancement in physical stability. The extent of coupling between relaxation times and crystallization times was moderate (coupling coefficient ~ 0.5) and was unaffected by the strength of drug-polymer interactions. Using molecular mobility as a determinant, a prediction model was developed to estimate crystallization times in ASDs. The predicted and experimental values were in good agreement, indicating the usefulness of the model. Additionally, water sorption was used as an accelerated stability testing approach to rank order ASDs and predict the long-term stability in glassy state. Strong drug-polymer interactions restricted the water uptake in ASDs and provided effective crystallization inhibition in presence of water.Mistry, Pinal. (2016). Strength of drug-polymer interactions: Implications on molecular mobility and crystallization in amorphous dispersions. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/201501
Health consultation, wood debris fire : Queen Creek, Pinal County, Arizona
No full textabstract: A massive pile of wood debris caught fire and burned from October 27 to October 31, 2001, in northern Pinal County, Arizona. The fire consumed wood debris from citrus trees that had been stored in an approximately 25-acre area in Pinal County near the Queen Creek area. The fire generated a large quantity of smoke. Persons reported smelling the smoke up to 40 miles away from the fire. Meteorological conditions during the fire intermittently created conditions that limited lift, especially at night, causing smoke to settle in residential neighborhoods in the Queen Creek area. The Arizona Department of Health Services issued public health advisories for the evenings of October 29 and 30. This report summarizes the events that occurred during the fire and analyzes the data collected by the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality to determine the extent of the public health threat from the fire.Under cooperative agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.Includes bibliographical references (p. 7)
A Descriptive Study of Incompetent to Stand Trial and Non-Restorable Defendants in Pinal County Arizona
No full textabstract: This thesis examines the demographic, clinical, and criminal characteristics and discharge dispositions of pre-trial defendants deemed incompetent to stand trial and non-restorable (IST/NR) in Pinal County Arizona. Currently, there is limited research on defendants who are deemed IST/NR and even less so on discharge dispositions. The study utilized comparative descriptive analysis of secondary data collected by the Pinal County Attorney Offices on IST/NR defendants and restored defendants. It employed chi-square analyses to compare key variables between defendant groups. The study found few variations in clinical, legal, and criminal characteristics observed by previous studies and no statistical differences amongst IST/NR and restored defendants. However, it found the re-offense rate of IST/NR defendants in Pinal County was considerably lower than the general prison population. Moreover, it identified a narrow use of civil commitment procedures and guardianship amongst the IST/NR defendants who have a mental illness. Implications for further research and policy for Pinal County and Arizona are made.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Social Work 201
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