1,721,122 research outputs found
[Overview and therapy update Crohn's disease].
No full textCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. The pathophysiology of CD includes a disrupted interplay of intestinal bacteria, the intestinal immune system and the intestinal surface in genetically susceptible individuals, which remains incompletely understood. Conventional therapies include steroids, but numerous advanced therapies are also available. Three tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab pegol (Switzerland)) have been approved for MC. Additional treatment options include the interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitors ustekinumab and the integrin inhibitors vedolizumab. With risankizumab, a first selective IL-23 inhibitor for CD has been approved by the EMA in 2022. Moreover, the Janus kinase-1 inhibitor upadacitinib has been available for the treatment of CD in the EU since 2023. For localized CD, elective surgical resection also remains a valid option with good long-term outcomes. Perianal and fistulizing CD are difficult to treat and require a close interdisciplinary collaboration between gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons. Surgical fistula treatment with curative intent should only be performed in well-controlled CD. The recent increase in therapeutic options in CD is encouraging, since more safe and effective therapies are now available to patients. Nevertheless, CD remains an incurable disease and so far, for all existing treatments only a fraction of patients responds to the therapy. Therefore, the development of new therapies should continue
Sphingosin-1-Phosphat-Rezeptor-Modulatoren bei Colitis ulcerosa – Game Changer oder einer unter vielen?
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
[Symptoms, diagnostic and therapy of perianal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases].
No full textSymptoms, diagnostic and therapy of perianal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases Abstract. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) frequently affect the perianal region. Due to the great functional importance of the anorectum, this frequently results in a significant burden of disease for the patient. For assessment of perianal IBD symptoms, the clinical history is of great importance. Often, anorectal symptoms are not reported spontaneously by patients, and a respectful direct conversation remains crucial. More than 30 % of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) will develop perianal fistulas. Perianal fistulas can be further characterized by endoscopic ultrasound, MRI, and investigation under anesthesia. These investigations provide complementary information. Fistula therapy is based on symptoms; the short-term goal is improvement of pain and secretion; the long-term goal of treatment remains fistula closure. However, preservation of the anal sphincter is of utmost importance and incontinence needs to be avoided. Antibiotics and/ or seton drainage are the mainstay for acute fistula treatment. The anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody infliximab can improve fistula symptoms, as demonstrated in a randomized controlled study. Surgical fistula closure is only possible in a clinically stable situation without rectal inflammation or other symptoms of active CD. Several surgical strategies exist including 1) fistulotomy, 2) disconnection of the fistula, 3) filling of the fistula tract and 4) fistula ablation. The optimal strategy needs to be decided on an individual basis. Intraoperative application of mesenchymal donor stem cells into the fistula tract and surrounding tissue is possibly the most effective fistula therapy. Due to the significant logistic effort, this therapy is only available in a few selected centers. Currently, stem cell therapy for CD fistulas is limited to patients with no more than two external fistula openings. The therapy of fissures and hemorrhoids in IBD patients is similar to patients without intestinal inflammation; however, due to a high rate of complications, surgery should be avoided whenever possible in CD patients. Incontinence is a frequent problem in IBD patients leading to highly relevant restrictions in daily life. Therapy is directed against intestinal inflammation but also comprises measures for normalization of stool consistency and intestinal motility. However, there are no IBD-specific concepts for the treatment of incontinence. Functional intestinal diseases are frequent in IBD patients and can contribute to urge and incontinence. Some IBD patients might benefit from anorectal physiotherapy. IBD patients have an increased risk for colorectal carcinoma, fistula carcinoma and possibly also anal carcinoma. Therefore, malignancy needs to be excluded at reasonable intervals
Refining the Concept of Microscopic Colitis: HLA Signatures Discriminating Collagenous and Lymphocytic Colitis.
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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