308 research outputs found
Tracing the building of Robert's connections in mathematical problem solving: a sixteen-year study
No full textThis research analyzes how external representations created by a student, Robert, helped him in building mathematical understanding over a sixteen-year period. Robert (also known as Bobby), was an original participant of the Rutgers longitudinal study where students were encouraged to work on problem-solving tasks with minimum intervention (Maher, 2005). The research demonstrates how Robert built robust counting techniques by tracing the evolvement of his problem-solving heuristics, strategies, justifications and external representations. The study also examines how Robert made connections to his earlier problem solving. In addition, the origins of Robert’s ideas related to Pascal’s Triangle and Pascal’s Pyramid are investigated. Fifteen sessions were selected between Robert’s fifth grade (February 26, 1993) and post-graduate interviews (March 27, 2009) yielding more than twenty hours of video data. Powell, Francisco, and Maher (2003) model was used for analysis where by each session was viewed, transcribed and coded for critical events to create a comprehensive narrative. The study reveals that mature combinatorial techniques were a part of Robert’s counting strategies as early as middle school. Robert used binary notation to count two-colored candle arrangements and later to count the number of ways a team could win a World Series; modified exponential formulae to account for combinations for a garage door opener, arrangements for n-colored candles and n-toppings pizzas; discovered the combinations formula, C(n, 2), in his eleventh grade; and connected these solutions to Pascal’s identities. In general, Robert looked for patterns in his solutions; generalized the findings; and identified structural similarities in tasks presented to him as he connected three-position garage door opener to three-colored candles arrangements, pizza with four toppings to towers four high, and directions on Pascal’s Triangle to routes for a taxi on a two-dimensional grid. External representations created by Robert served as communication tools for him and provided insight into his problem solving heuristics and mathematical understanding. The research contributes to the growing body of case studies from Rutgers longitudinal study providing evidence that building of early mathematical ideas is the foundation of more advanced learning (Davis & Maher, 1997).Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Anoop Ahluwali
Physical activity patterns among South-Asian adults: a systematic review
No full textPhysical activity (PA) has many beneficial physical and mental health effects. Physical inactivity is considered the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. At present there are no systematic reviews on PA patterns among South Asian adults residing in the region. The present study aims to systematically evaluate studies on PA patterns in South Asian countries. A five-staged comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in Medline, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus using keywords ‘Exercise’, ‘Walking’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Inactivity’, ‘Physical Activity Questionnaire’, ‘International Physical Activity Questionnaire’, ‘IPAQ’, ‘Global Physical Activity Questionnaire’ and ‘GPAQ’, combined with individual country names. The search was restricted to English language articles conducted in humans and published before 31st December 2012. To obtain additional data a manual search of the reference lists of articles was performed. Data were also retrieved from the search of relevant web sites and online resources. The total number of hits obtained from the initial search was 1,771. The total number of research articles included in the present review is eleven (India-8, Sri Lanka-2, Pakistan-1). In addition, eleven country reports (Nepal-3, Bangladesh-2, India-2, Sri Lanka-2, Bhutan-1, Maldives-1) of World Health Organization STEPS survey from the South-Asian countries were retrieved online. In the research articles the overall prevalence of inactivity was as follows; India (18.5%-88.4%), Pakistan (60.1%) and Sri Lanka (11.0%-31.8%). STEPS survey reports were available from all countries except Pakistan. Overall in majority of STEPS surveys females were more inactive compared to males. Furthermore, leisure related inactivity was >75% in studies reporting inactivity in this domain and people were more active in transport domain when compared with the other domains. In conclusion, our results show that there is a wide variation in the prevalence of physical inactivity among South-Asian adults within and between countries. Furthermore, physical inactivity in South Asian adults was associated with several socio-demographic characteristics. Majority of South Asian adults were inactive during their leisure time. These Factors need to be considered when planning future interventions and research aimed at improving PA in the region
Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)
No full textThis dataset contains all the input data and the Matlab codes for the Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulphide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)
Shrivardhan Hulswar, Rafel Simo, Martí Galí, Thomas G. Bell, Arancha Lana, Swaleha Inamdar, Paul R. Halloran, George Manville and Anoop S. Mahajan
*corresponding author: Anoop Sharad Mahajan ([email protected])
Details to run the code can be found in the word file: Code details.doc
Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)
No full textThis dataset contains all the input data and the Matlab codes for the Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulphide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)Shrivardhan Hulswar, Rafel Simo, Martí Galí, Thomas G. Bell, Arancha Lana, Swaleha Inamdar, Paul R. Halloran, George Manville and Anoop S. Mahajan*corresponding author: Anoop Sharad Mahajan ([email protected])Details to run the code can be found in the word file: Code details.docxTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV
The global burden of diabetes-related chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2021, with predictions of incidence to 2036
No full textAim: diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of both CKD and end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to examine updated global trends in the burden of diabetes-related CKD from 1990 to 2021, stratified by location, age, and sex.Methods: using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset, we quantified the burden of CKD worldwide, including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).Results: from 1990 to 2021, global surveillance revealed a persistent increase in the burden of diabetes-related CKD, with age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) rising significantly across socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. Forecasted ASIR for type 2 diabetes-related CKD (T2D-CKD) shows a consistent pattern of escalation, whereas type 1 diabetes-related CKD (T1D-CKD) is expected to decrease from 2021 to 2036. Across all SDI quintiles, ASIR for diabetes-related CKD increased progressively, with high-SDI regions showing the highest rates. Moreover, the global DALY burden peaked in the 50-54 age group for T1D-CKD and in the 65-69 age group for T2D-CKD in the Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania super-region. Overall, the burden of diabetes-related CKD was higher in males, while the prevalence of T1D-CKD was higher in females.Conclusion: the global burden of diabetes-related CKD increased substantially between 1990 and 2021 across diverse geographic regions. Target strategies are urgently needed to reduce the burden of diabetes-related CKD and address this growing public health challenge.<br/
Prevention of Diabetes: Countless Opportunities and Clear Challenges
No full text Prevention of diabetes poses significant challenges; especially when applied as public health intervention. While several trials, most importantly Diabetes Prevention Program, show that intensive lifestyle modification leading to weight loss is the most important intervention, many individuals and some populations may show resistance to these interventions. Roadblocks to lifestyle intervention alone or in combination include: age, some ethnic groups (e.g., south Asians), genetic make-up, and some characteristics of body phenotype. Recent data show that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease along with insulin resistance may constitute ‘metabolically unhealthy phenotype’. These subgroups would need more intensive interventions to convert prediabetes to normal glucose regulation. Whether ‘fatty pancreas’ and sarcopenia, latter more often seen in Asian Indians and with advancing age, are other phenotypes requiring intensive and different interventions (e.g., more resistance exercise in latter) remains to be researched. Further, variations in dietary quality (Mediterranean diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil, high-protein diets) without changing much of calories, provide attractive options for intervention. Many of such innovations require more research. Translation of lessons from diabetes prevention studies to general population is daunting but possible. However, such community-based interventions need substantial human and material resources, which pose hurdles in underserved populations and developing countries. In such situations, low-cost modalities, for example, use of trained community educators and digital and social media, constitute attractive approaches. </jats:p
Vitamin D status of adult females residing in Ballabgarh health and demographic surveillance system: A community-based study
No full textBackground: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widespread, yet it is the most underdiagnosed and undertreated nutritional deficiency in the world. The prevalence of VDD is estimated to affect over 1 billion people worldwide. Objectives: The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of VDD among adult females aged 20–60 years residing in a rural community of North India, and to find its association with various sociobehavioral risk factors. Methods: The present study is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among females aged 20–60 years in rural Ballabgarh. Four hundred women were randomly selected from one of the villages of the Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Semi-structured, pretested interview schedule was administered to the study participants. Fasting venous blood sample was collected for the measurement of plasma sugar level and Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D). Results: The prevalence of VDD was 90.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] – 87.5–93.3), while that of Vitamin D insufficiency was 8.9% (95% CI – 6.4–12.2). On logistic regression analysis, 24 h calorie intake, protein intake, and prediabetes status of the participants were significantly associated with VDD. Conclusion: Very high prevalence of VDD was observed among the females (20–60 years) residing in rural Ballabgarh
- …
