1,720,956 research outputs found
Sugar Beet Production Under Changing Climate: Opportunities and Challenges
Get PDFSugar has formed an essential part of human diets for a long time and is an important raw material for the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. It is a common name for sucrose and can be extracted from two field crops—sugar beet and sugar cane. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) is mainly grown in countries with temperate climates while sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is cultivated primarily in tropical and subtropical countries. It was demonstrated that sugar beet yield has kept increasing since 1926, but sugar concentration (on fresh weight basis) has not changed much. In the meantime, the improved potential sugar beet yields in the varieties included in the variety trials have been rapidly translated into commercially delivered yields by sugar beet farmers. This can be seen in the increase of farmer-delivered sugar beet yields in parallel with the increase of sugar beet yields in the variety trials. The warming temperature and increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere due to climate change have benefitted the sugar beet crop in recent decades and will probably create opportunities to further boost sugar crop productivity in the future. However, social and environmental demands to adapt sugar beet production to both less input intensive and less pesticide-dependent cropping systems to mitigate climate change and to maintain biodiversity friendly environments require sugar beet farmers to balance the trade-offs between maximising the sugar yield and increasing the use efficiencies of inputs such as fertilisers, fungicides, pesticides, herbicides and fuels. Sugar beet breeders and other stakeholders need to breed climate-smart cultivars resistant to diseases and find other effective non-chemical solutions to the reduced availability and/or removal of reliable pesticides in the face of more new pathogens emerging under climate change
Economical Crop Production and Management of Sugar Beet in Serbia and Montenegro
No full textSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a member of family Chenopodiaceae. It is a crop of area of temperate climate and second of world importance sugar crop, after sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). It is mainly produced in Europe and to a lesser extent in Asia and North America. Sugar beet quality is a complex trait conditioned by genetic divergence among cultivars and environmental diverse in the region of growing. One of pertinent agro-technical measures is sowing. Proper sowing (which is during March in the Republic of Serbia and Montenegro) ensures optimal crop density which is important for reaching a high yield. The correct choice of assortment for a certain production area contributes to a larger and more stable production of cultivated plants. A significant measure of growing technology is properly balanced plant nutrients. NPK mineral nutrients are the main carriers of yield value. Sugar beet yields are significantly reduced by lack of soil nutrients. The main nutrient elements—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—have major importance in plant nutrition and the greatest impact on increased technological and yield value of root. Ratio of mentioned nutrients and also the secondary and microelements should suit to the needs of plants and to the natural soil fertility. Yield of crystal sugar, as major production value indicator, has statistically very significant dependence of way of plant nutrition, years, genotype, and their mutual interaction. Intensification of plants nutrition with NPK fertilizers significantly increases the total vegetative biomass yield and root sugar content
Intercropping Sugar Beet with Different Agricultural Crops
No full textDuring the recent years, sugar beet production has been declining due to multiple reasons. Low price of the sugar on the world market, high-cost production of sugar beet, changes in the agricultural policy of EU, lower level of subsidies for growers and sugar industry, the rise of the ecological awareness all together lowered its production and changed the crop structure of many areas and growers. However, sugar beet remains the main source of sugar in many temperate climate regions of the world and in countries such as Argentina, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine. Globalization is the importance of ecology in our daily life, and other new trends in the world economy are creating different changes in all the aspect of human life. Intercropping is a relatively old and well-known agricultural technique with the purpose of improving the agricultural systems through principles of biological interactions and plant symbiosis. Intercropping improves plant production in many ways—the rise of biodiversity, land preservation and conservancy of water resources, lower production risks, and higher revenues. In recent years, the interest in intercropping is growing especially in the developing countries. This is common practice in fodder production where certain grass species are grown together with some compatible legume plants. Sugar beet can be grown in the intercropping system with a variety of plant species such as barley, canola, lentil, mustard, onion, rice, bean, soybean, poppy, and many more agricultural plants
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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