1,720,972 research outputs found
Acoustic correlates of plosive voicing in Madurese: supplementary materials
No full textThis dataset contains supplementary materials to the paper "Acoustic correlates of plosive voicing in Madurese", published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. It contains CSV data files and R code necessary to replicate the analyses reported in the paper, along with a PDF containing plots and post-hoc comparisons.Kirby, James; Misnadin, Misnadin. (2020). Acoustic correlates of plosive voicing in Madurese: supplementary materials, [dataset]. University of Edinburgh. School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/279
Phonetics and phonology of the three-way laryngeal contrast in Madurese
No full textMadurese, a Western Malayo-Polynesian language spoken on the Indonesian island
of Madura, exhibits a three-way laryngeal contrast distinguishing between voiced,
voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated stops and an unusual consonant-vowel
(CV) co-occurrence restriction. The CV co-occurrence restriction is of phonological
interest given the patterning of voiceless aspirated stops with voiced stops rather than
with voiceless unaspirated stops, raising the question of what phonological feature
they may share. Two features have been linked with the CV co-occurrence
restriction: Advanced Tongue Root [ATR] and Lowered Larynx [LL]. However, as
no evidence of voicing during closure for aspirated stops is observed and no other
acoustic measures except voice onset time (VOT), fundamental frequency (F0),
frequencies of the first (F1) and the second (F2) formants and closure duration
relating to the proposed features have been conducted, it remains an open question
which acoustic properties are shared by voiced and aspirated stops.
Three main questions are addressed in the thesis. The first question is what acoustic
properties voiced and voiceless aspirated stops share to the exclusion of voiceless
unaspirated stops. The second question is whether [ATR] or [LL] accounts for the
patterning together of voiceless aspirated stops with voiced stops. The third question
is what the implications of the results are for a transparent phonetics-phonology
mapping that expects phonological features to have phonetic correlates associated
with them. In order to answer the questions, we looked into VOT, closure duration,
F0, F1, F2 and a number of spectral measures, i.e. H1*-A1*, H1*-A2*, H1*-A3*,
H1*-H2*, H2*-H4* and CPP. We recorded fifteen speakers of Madurese (8 females,
7 males) reading 188 disyllabic Madurese words embedded in a sentence frame.
The results show that the three-way voicing categories in Madurese have different
VOT values. The difference in VOT is robust between voiced stops on the one hand
and voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated stops on the other. Albeit
statistically significant, the difference in VOT values between voiceless unaspirated
and voiceless aspirated stops is relatively small. With regard to closure duration, we
found that there is a difference between voiced stops on the one hand and voiceless
unaspirated and aspirated stops on the other. We also found that female speakers
distinguish F0 for the three categories while male speakers distinguish between F0
for voiced stops on the one hand and voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated
stops on the other. The results for spectral measures show that there are no
significant differences in H1*-A1*, H1*-A3*, H1*-H2*, H2*-H4* and CPP between
vowels adjacent to voiced and voiceless aspirated stops. In contrast, there are
significant differences in these measures between vowels adjacent to voiced and
voiceless unaspirated stops and between vowels adjacent to voiceless aspirated and
voiceless unaspirated stops.
Regarding the question whether voiced and voiceless aspirated stops share certain
acoustic properties, our findings show that they do. The acoustic properties they
share are H1*-A1* for both genders, H1*-H2* for females, H1*-A3* and H2*-H4*
for males, and CPP for females at vowel onset and for males at vowel midpoint.
However, they do not share such acoustic properties as VOT, closure duration and
F0. Voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated stops can be distinguished by
VOT, F0 and spectral measures, i.e. H1*-A1*, H1*-A3*, H1*-H2*, H2*-H4* and
CPP. However, these two voiceless stop categories have similar closure durations.
As regards the question if [+ATR] or [+LL] might be responsible for the patterning
together of voiceless aspirated stops with voiced stops, our findings suggest that
either feature appears to be plausible. Acoustic evidence that lends support to the
feature [+ATR] includes lower F1 and greater spectral tilt measures, i.e. H1*-A1*,
H1*-A3*, H1*-H2* and H2*-H4*, and lower CPP values. Acoustic evidence that
supports the feature [+LL] includes lower F1 and greater spectral tilt measures, i.e.
H1*-A1*, H1*-A3*, H1*-H2* and H2*-H4*, and lower CPP values. However, the
fact that voiceless aspirated stops are voiceless during closure raises a problem for
the feature [+ATR] and the fact that F0 for voiceless aspirated stops is higher than
for voiced stops also presents a problem for the feature [+LL].
The fact that not all acoustic measures fit in well with either feature is problematic to
the idea that the relationship between phonetics and phonology is transparent in the
sense that phonological features can be directly transformed into their phonetic
correlates. Following the view that not all phonological features may not be expected
to be phonetically grounded, for example, when they are related to historical sound
change, we hold the idea of a phonetics-phonology mapping which allows for other
non-phonetic factors to account for a phonological phenomenon. We also provide
historical and loanword evidence which could support that voiceless aspirated stops
in Madurese may have derived from earlier voiced stops, which probably retain their
historical laryngeal contrast through phonologisation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nilai-Nilai Luhur Budaya Dalam Pepatah-Pepatah Madura
No full textArtikel ini membahas tentang pemahaman dan penafsiran kembali pepatahpepatah Madura guna merevitalisasi nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya. Argumen yang dibangun dalam artikel ini adalah penafsiran kembali pepatah Madura sangat diperlukan untuk dapat memahami nilainilai sosial budaya. Kajian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan fokus pada upaya upaya memahami dan menafsirkan pepatah Madura. Hasil kajian mengkategorisasikan nilainilai sosialbudaya dalam pepatah ke dalam tiga kategori utama, yaitu (1) nilainilai yang perlu dipertahankan dan dikembangkan, (2) nilainilai yang memerlukan penafsiran kembali karena dapat menimbulkan kesalahan penafsiran, dan (3) nilainilai yang perlu ditanamkan untuk mengembangkan nilai-nilai positif yang sejalan dengan perkembangan masyarakat Madura saat ini.

Abstract:
The present paper deals with understanding and reinterpreting Madurese proverbs in order to revitalize Madurese values. It is argued that reinterpreting Madurese proverbs both textually and contextually is a necessary requirement for a complete understanding of the positive cultural values they contain. The study, which is descriptive and qualitative in nature, focuses on efforts to understand and interpret Madurese proverbs for the purpose of revitalizing the positive values. Results of the study categorize the cultural values in the proverbs into three main headings: (1) values which are necessary to be preserved and developed, (2) values which require reinterpretation because they may result in misunderstanding and cause terrors to other ethnic groups, and (3) values which need to be imbued with in order to develop positive values in line with today’s Madurese society development.</jats:p
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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