1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MicroRNA biomarkers for predicting neurological outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by a complex cascade of pathophysiological events that can result in diverse clinical outcomes ranging from mild cognitive impairments to severe disability. The pathophysiology of TBI involves a complex interplay of cellular and molecular events that contribute to secondary brain injury and neurodegeneration. Predicting neurological outcomes in TBI patients is crucial for guiding treatment decisions and enhancing patient care. Traditional methods of assessing TBI severity and prognosis have limitations in accurately predicting long-term outcomes. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for evaluating TBI severity and prognosis. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including neurodevelopment, neuronal function, and neurodegeneration. Several studies have identified specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers for assessing TBI severity and predicting patient outcomes. MiR-21, miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-124 are among the most studied miRNAs in the context of TBI biomarkers. Elevated levels of these miRNAs in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue have been associated with TBI severity, neuroinflammation, and poor neurological outcomes. Understanding the role of miRNAs in TBI pathophysiology can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, miRNA signatures have shown promise in distinguishing between different TBI phenotypes, such as mild, moderate, and severe TBI, and predicting long-term cognitive deficits and functional impairments in TBI survivors. This suggests that miRNAs could serve as valuable tools for improving TBI patient care and outcomes.[1,2] Role of miRNAs in TBI PathophysiologyMicroRNAs play a crucial role in modulating neuroinflammatory responses and neurodegenerative processes in traumatic brain injury. Dysregulated expression of specific miRNAs contributes to secondary brain injury, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairments following TBI.[2]Neuroinflammation is a hallmark feature of TBI, characterized by the activation of microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells in response to brain injury. Dysregulated expression of specific miRNAs has been implicated in modulating neuroinflammatory responses following TBI. For example, miR-155 has been shown to promote microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, exacerbating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In contrast, miR-146a acts as a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways, attenuating neuroinflammatory responses and promoting neuroprotection in TBI models. The dynamic interplay between miRNAs and inflammatory mediators in the injured brain highlights the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in TBI.[3]Neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration are other common pathological features of TBI, contributing to long-term cognitive impairments and functional deficits. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs has been associated with apoptotic cell death, synaptic dysfunction, and axonal injury in TBI. MiR-21, for instance, has been shown to promote neuronal apoptosis and glial scar formation following brain injury, exacerbating neurodegenerative processes. In contrast, miR-124 plays a neuroprotective role by regulating neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and axonal regeneration in response to TBI. The complex interplay between miRNAs and neurodegenerative pathways underscores their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating neuronal damage and promoting recovery after TBI.[3]Targeting dysregulated miRNAs represents a promising therapeutic strategy for modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in TBI. MiRNA-based interventions, such as antagomirs or mimics, offer potential avenues for restoring miRNA homeostasis and promoting neuroprotective effects in the injured brain. Future research efforts should focus on identifying specific miRNA targets involved in TBI pathophysiology, elucidating their functional roles in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and exploring innovative therapeutic approaches for TBI management. Collaborative initiatives between researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical companies are essential for translating miRNA research into clinical applications and improving outcomes for TBI patients.[4] MiRNA Biomarkers for Predicting Neurological RecoveryThe utilization of miRNA biomarkers in clinical practice holds the potential to revolutionize prognostication and treatment decision-making in TBI. By pinpointing specific miRNA signatures linked to neurological outcomes, clinicians can categorize patients based on their likelihood of developing complications, cognitive impairments, or disability post-TBI. Numerous studies have documented distinct expression patterns of miRNAs in TBI patients with varying levels of cognitive impairment, functional disability, and neurobehavioral deficits. MiR-21, miR-146a, and miR-132 have emerged as promising biomarkers for forecasting neurological recovery and functional outcomes in TBI. The integration of miRNA profiles with clinical evaluations and neuroimaging data has the potential to enhance the precision of outcome predictions and facilitate personalized treatment approaches for TBI patients. Further research is imperative to validate miRNA signatures, establish standardized protocols for miRNA profiling, and implement predictive models that amalgamate clinical, imaging, and molecular data to enhance prognostication and treatment strategies for TBI patients. Future research endeavors should prioritize the validation of miRNA biomarkers in extensive prospective cohorts, elucidate their mechanistic roles in TBI pathophysiology, and incorporate them into multidimensional prognostic models for tailored patient care. Collaborative initiatives involving researchers, clinicians, and industry partners are paramount for translating miRNA research into clinical applications and enhancing outcomes for TBI patients.[5,6] Challenges and Opportunities for Advancing MiRNA Biomarker in TBIDespite the growing interest in miRNA biomarkers for TBI, several challenges need to be addressed before their clinical implementation. Standardization of sample collection and processing protocols, validation of miRNA signatures in large patient cohorts, and integration of miRNA data with other clinical variables are critical steps towards translating miRNA research into clinical practice. Additionally, the lack of standardized protocols for miRNA profiling and validation poses obstacles to comparing results across different studies. The heterogeneity of TBI phenotypes and patient populations further complicates the identification of robust miRNA signatures predictive of neurological outcomes.[4,5] Despite the challenges, there are promising opportunities for advancing miRNA biomarker research in TBI. Technological advancements in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools enable comprehensive profiling of miRNA expression patterns in TBI patients. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and industry partners can facilitate the validation of miRNA biomarkers in large multicenter cohorts, enhancing their clinical utility. Integrating miRNA profiles with other omics data, neuroimaging findings, and clinical assessments holds potential for developing multidimensional prognostic models for personalized TBI management.[6] ConclusionFuture research directions should focus on standardizing methodologies for miRNA biomarker discovery, validation, and implementation in TBI clinical practice. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to validate miRNA signatures associated with specific TBI outcomes and refine predictive models for patient stratification. Incorporating miRNA biomarkers into existing prognostic tools and treatment algorithms may improve risk assessment, therapeutic decision-making, and long-term outcomes for TBI patients. Collaborative initiatives aimed at translating miRNA research findings into actionable clinical insights are essential for realizing the full potential of miRNA biomarkers in TBI management
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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