306 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211040720 - Supplemental material for Cerebrovascular disease at young age is related to mother’s health during the pregnancy—The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211040720 for Cerebrovascular disease at young age is related to mother’s health during the pregnancy—The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study by Ina Rissanen, Mirjam I Geerlings, Seppo Juvela, Jouko Miettunen, Markus Paananen and Sami Tetri in International Journal of Stroke</p
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221133859 - Supplemental material for Low-grade carotid artery stenosis is associated with progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221133859 for Low-grade carotid artery stenosis is associated with progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study by Rashid Ghaznawi, Jet MJ Vonk, Maarten HT Zwartbol, Jeroen de Bresser, Ina Rissanen, Jeroen Hendrikse and Mirjam I Geerlings in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211025447 - Supplemental material for Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 7T MRI: Risk factors, neuroimaging correlates and cognitive functioning – The Medea-7T study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X211025447 for Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 7T MRI: Risk factors, neuroimaging correlates and cognitive functioning – The Medea-7T study by Maarten HT Zwartbol, Ina Rissanen, Rashid Ghaznawi, Jeroen de Bresser, Hugo J Kuijf, Kim Blom, Theo D Witkamp, Huiberdina L Koek, Geert Jan Biessels, Jeroen Hendrikse and Mirjam I Geerlings in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
Endogenous estradiol and dementia in elderly men: The roles of vascular risk, sex hormone binding globulin, and aromatase activity
No full textEditors' introduction In elderly men as in elderly women, endogenous estradiol may play an important role in age-related cognitive impairment. To explore the relation between estradiol, cognition, dementia, and cerebral atrophy, Muller and Geerlings performed a systematic literature review. In their review, the authors found that most studies in elderly men do not report significant associations between estradiol levels and cognitive performance, cognitive decline, dementia, or brain atrophy. Some studies, however, do imply that higher estradiol levels are potentially detrimental, although to the extent that a relation may exist, the magnitude of risk is likely small. Given the long preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is difficult to infer causality, even in longitudinal studies with long follow-up. Muller and Geerling indicated that the relation between estradiol and vascular risk merits further study with respect to AD. In addition, they provide evidence that sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels and aromatase activity are relevant to questions of AD pathogenesis. Introduction The impact of dementia on society and health care is a growing concern, given the increase of the elderly population. It is expected that with the increase of the elderly population, the prevalence of AD, the most common cause of dementia, will triple to 13 million people in the United States by 2050 [1]
When one depends on the other: reporting of interaction in case-control and cohort studies
No full textBACKGROUND: Interaction refers to the situation in which the effect of 1 exposure on an outcome differs across strata of another exposure. We did a survey of epidemiologic studies published in leading journals to examine how interaction is assessed and reported. METHODS: We selected 150 case-control and 75 cohort studies published between May 2001 and May 2007 in leading general medicine, epidemiology, and clinical specialist journals. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics. RESULTS: Of the 225 studies, 138 (61%) addressed interaction. Among these, 25 (18%) presented no data or only a P value or a statement of statistical significance; 40 (29%) presented stratum-specific effect estimates but no meaningful comparison of these estimates; and 58 (42%) presented stratum-specific estimates and appropriate tests for interaction. Fifteen articles (11%) presented the individual effects of both exposures and also their joint effect or a product term, providing sufficient information to interpret interaction on an additive and multiplicative scale. Reporting was poorest in articles published in clinical specialist articles and most adequate in articles published in general medicine journals, with epidemiology journals in an intermediate position. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of articles reporting cohort and case-control studies address possible interactions between exposures. However, in about half of these, the information provided was unsatisfactory, and only 1 in 10 studies reported data that allowed readers to interpret interaction effects on an additive and multiplicative scale
Late-Life Depression, Hippocampal Volumes, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textBackground We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the association of late-life depression (LLD) with hippocampal volume (HCV) and total brain volume (TBV), and of cortisol levels with HCV, including subgroup analyses of depression characteristics and methodological aspects. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for original studies that examined the cross-sectional relationship between LLD and HCV or TBV, and 46 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) between LLD and control subjects were calculated from crude or adjusted brain volumes using random effects. Standardized Fisher transformations of the correlations between cortisol levels and HCVs were calculated using random effects. Results We included 2702 LLD patients and 11,165 control subjects from 35 studies examining HCV. Relative to control subjects, patients had significantly smaller HCVs (standardized mean difference = –0.32 [95% confidence interval, –0.44 to –0.19]). Subgroup analyses showed that late-onset depression was more strongly associated with HCV than early-onset depression. In addition, effect sizes were larger for case-control studies, studies with lower quality, and studies with small sample size, and were almost absent in cohort studies and studies with larger sample sizes. For TBV, 2523 patients and 7880 control subjects from 31 studies were included. The standardized mean difference in TBV between LLD and control subjects was –0.10 (95% confidence interval, –0.16 to –0.04). Of the 12 studies included, higher levels of cortisol were associated with smaller HCV (correlation = –0.11 [95% confidence interval, –0.18 to –0.04]). Conclusions While an overall measure of LLD may be associated with smaller HCVs, differentiating clinical aspects of LLD and examining methodological issues show that this relationship is not straightforward
Endogenous estradiol and dementia in elderly men: the roles of vascular risk, sex hormone binding globulin, and aromatase activity
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