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The genus Diaphanosoma (Diplostraca: Sididae) in Greece: morphological and molecular assessment
No full textAlexiou, Rafailia, Stamou, Georgia, Minoudi, Styliani, Tourli, Filio, Tsartsianidou, Valentina, Triantafyllidis, Alexandros, Michaloudi, Evangelia (2021): The genus Diaphanosoma (Diplostraca: Sididae) in Greece: morphological and molecular assessment. Zootaxa 5082 (6): 572-582, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5082.6.
FIGURE 1 in The genus Diaphanosoma (Diplostraca: Sididae) in Greece: morphological and molecular assessment
No full textFIGURE 1. Map of the 8 Greek lakes. Lake Doirani (D), Lake Kastoria (KA), Lake Kerkini (KE), Lake Mikri Prespa (MP), Lake Pamvotis (PA), Lake Paralimni (PL), Lake Vegoritis (VE) and Lake Volvi (VO).Published as part of Alexiou, Rafailia, Stamou, Georgia, Minoudi, Styliani, Tourli, Filio, Tsartsianidou, Valentina, Triantafyllidis, Alexandros & Michaloudi, Evangelia, 2021, The genus Diaphanosoma (Diplostraca: Sididae) in Greece: morphological and molecular assessment, pp. 572-582 in Zootaxa 5082 (6) on page 574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.6.4, http://zenodo.org/record/579769
Development and application of molecular methods in the genetic identification of species and animal food products
No full textIn the present PhD dissertation, methods for the identification of animal species and their products, were developed and validated. It is by far the most extensive genetic study of food authenticity in the Greek market, selecting two of the main food categories, meat products and fish, following EU guidelines after the food scandal of 2013. Thus, species-specific approaches using conventional and real-time PCR were used for the identification of meat species and applied to 100 commercial products. The estimated fraud rate was 11%. In many cases undeclared species were detected in small quantities (<1%) and were not included in fraud cases (Regulation EU 2014/180). The detection of these undeclared species is possibly due to insufficient equipment cleaning during the production. Horse DNA was not detected in any product, not even in very small quantities, which indicates market compliance after the 2013 food scandal. For the first time in the Greek market, an assessment of the quantitative statement of the label is made. It was found that the declared composition percentages of a species were in agreement with the results of the present work in a few samples. Finally, it was observed that some companies are more compliant, compared to others. In order to check accurate labeling in fish, the second main food category, a DNA barcoding method was used. This technique was applied to 332 commercial fish products from Greece (285) and Bulgaria (47). The percentage of mislabeling recorded in the Greek market during the period 2015-2018 was 12.9%. The continuous official controls seem to have had an effect, since in 2018 the lowest replacement rate was observed (4.7%). Most common cases of replacement were the replacement of Limanda aspera by Lepidopsetta polyxystra and substitutions among species of the genus Merluccius. Some cases of species replacement seem to be financially motivated, while others are due to common morphological characteristics or due to mixed fishing. The mislabeling rate in Bulgarian market was 4.7%. Except for food authenticity purposes, species identification is also important for ecosystems’ protection and management. For this reason, the developed DNA barcoding method was also used to identify invasive fish species, in two cases, which is significant for taking appropriate management actions. The first case concerned the identification of an individual, belonging to the Pterois miles species and this record, is the northernmost extension of the species in the Mediterranean Sea. The second case concerns the identification of individuals from two different areas in the state of Connecticut, detecting the presence of the invasive species Cottus immaculatus. The present dissertation contributes to the strengthening of the field of recognized professional rights of biologists in the field of food analysis. Legislation combined with the growing demand for transparency in the food sector make genetic analyses necessary. These methods, as it turned out, can be used to identify species with important applications.Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αναπτύχθηκαν και επικυρώθηκαν μέθοδοι για την ταυτοποίηση ζωικών ειδών και των προϊόντων τους. Αποτελεί την πιο εκτεταμένη γενετική ανάλυση της αυθεντικότητας των τροφίμων στην Ελληνική αγορά, επιλέγοντας δύο από τις κυριότερες κατηγορίες τροφίμων, τα προϊόντα κρέατος και τα ιχθυηρά και ακολουθώντας και τις κατευθυντήριες γραμμές της ΕΕ μετά το διατροφικό σκάνδαλο του 2013. Έτσι, για την ταυτοποίηση ειδών κρέατος χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ειδο-ειδικές προσεγγίσεις απλής και real-time PCR, οι οποίες εφαρμόστηκαν σε 100 εμπορικά προϊόντα. Το ποσοστό νοθείας που υπολογίστηκε ήταν 11%. Επιπλέον, σε πολλές περιπτώσεις ανιχνεύτηκαν αδήλωτα είδη σε μικρές ποσότητες (<1%) και δεν συμπεριλήφθηκαν στις περιπτώσεις νοθείας (Σύσταση ΕΕ 2014/180). Η ανίχνευση αυτών των μη δηλωμένων ειδών οφείλεται πιθανόν στον μη επαρκή καθαρισμό του εξοπλισμού κατά την παραγωγή των προϊόντων. DNA αλόγου δεν ανιχνεύτηκε σε κανένα προϊόν, ούτε σε πολύ μικρές ποσότητες, υποδεικνύοντας συμμόρφωση της αγοράς μετά το διατροφικό σκάνδαλο του 2013. Για πρώτη φορά γίνεται εκτεταμένος έλεγχος της ορθότητας στην ποσοτική δήλωση της ετικέτας με DNA αναλύσεις. Βρέθηκε ότι τα αναγραφόμενα ποσοστά σύστασης ενός είδους συμφωνούσαν με τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσης εργασίας σε μικρό αριθμό δειγμάτων. Τέλος, παρατηρήθηκε ότι κάποιες εταιρείες είναι περισσότερο συμμορφούμενες, σε σχέση με κάποιες άλλες. Για τον έλεγχο της ακριβούς επισήμανσης στη δεύτερη βασική κατηγορία τροφίμων που επιλέχτηκε, τα ιχθυηρά χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνική DNA barcoding. Η τεχνική αυτή εφαρμόστηκε σε 332 εμπορικά προϊόντα ιχθυηρών από την Ελλάδα (285) και τη Βουλγαρία (47). Το ποσοστό παραπλανητικής επισήμανσης που καταγράφηκε στην ελληνική αγορά τα έτη 2015-2018, ήταν 12,9%. Οι συνεχόμενοι έλεγχοι φαίνεται να είχαν αποτέλεσμα, καθώς το 2018 παρατηρήθηκε το μικρότερο ποσοστό αντικατάστασης (4,7%). Οι πιο κοινές περιπτώσεις παραπλανητικής επισήμανσης είναι αυτή της αντικατάστασης του είδους Limanda aspera από το είδος Lepidopsetta polyxystra και οι υποκαταστάσεις μεταξύ των ειδών του γένους Merluccius. Κάποιες περιπτώσεις αντικατάστασης ειδών φαίνεται να έχουν οικονομικό κίνητρο, ενώ κάποιες άλλες οφείλονται σε κοινά μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά, ή σε περιπτώσεις μικτής αλιείας. Το ποσοστό παραπλανητικής επισήμανσης στην αγορά της Βουλγαρίας ήταν της τάξης του 4,7%. Η ταυτοποίηση ειδών εκτός από την αυθεντικότητα των τροφίμων είναι σημαντική και για την προστασία και τη διαχείριση των οικοσυστημάτων. Για αυτό το λόγο η μέθοδος DNA barcoding που αναπτύχθηκε χρησιμοποιήθηκε και για την ταυτοποίηση εισβολικών ειδών ιχθυηρών, σε δύο περιπτώσεις, το οποίο ήταν σημαντικό για τη λήψη αποφάσεων όσον αφορά τη διαχείριση αυτών των ειδών στην εκάστοτε περιοχή. Η πρώτη περίπτωση αφορούσε την ταυτοποίηση ενός ατόμου που ανήκει στο είδος P. miles και η συγκεκριμένη καταγραφή του είδους, αποτελεί τη βορειότερη επέκταση του είδους στη Μεσόγειο. Η δεύτερη περίπτωση αφορούσε την ταυτοποίηση ατόμων από δύο διαφορετικές περιοχές στην πολιτεία του Κοννέκτικατ, ανιχνεύοντας την παρουσία του εισβολικού είδους C. immaculatus. Η παρούσα διατριβή συντελεί στην ενδυνάμωση του πεδίου των αναγνωρισμένων επαγγελματικών δικαιωμάτων των βιολόγων όσον αφορά τις αναλύσεις τροφίμων. Η νομοθεσία σε συνδυασμό με την ολοένα και αυξανόμενη απαίτηση για διαφάνεια στον τομέα των τροφίμων φαίνεται να καθιστούν τις γενετικές αναλύσεις αναγκαίες. Οι συγκεκριμένες μέθοδοι, όπως αποδείχτηκε, μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την ταυτοποίηση ειδών με σημαντικές εφαρμογές
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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