323,135 research outputs found
Dimensional metrology based on ultrashort pulse laser and optical frequency comb
No full textAn insight is given into the fundamental mathematics and physics behind the generation of ultrashort optical pulses by mode-locked lasers, followed by an analysis and comparison of the characteristics between different types of such lasers, from the point of view of applications in dimensional metrology. Measurement technologies utilizing ultrashort pulses as time ruler and nonlinear optics generator in time domain, frequency ruler and white light laser in frequency domain, as well as applications in standards and traceability, are then categorized and presented. Future challenges and developing trends are also discussed. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CIRP. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Two-photon absorption spectroscopy of rubidium with a dual-comb technique
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Previous issue date: 6"Dual-comb spectroscopies have great potential for high-resolution molecular and atomic spectroscopies, thanks to the broadband comb spectrum consisting of dense narrow modes\footnote{A. Nishiyama, S. Yoshida, Y. Nakajima, H. Sasada, K. Nakagawa, A. Onae, K. and Minoshima, Opt. Express 24, 25894 (2016).}. In this study, we apply the dual-comb system to Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectroscopy. The outputs of two frequency combs excite several two-photon transitions of rubidium\footnote{A. Hipke, S. A. Meek, T. Ideguchi, T.W. H\""{a}nsch, and N. Picqu\'{e}, Phys. Rev. A 90, 011805(R) (2014).}, and we obtained broadband Doppler-free spectra from dual-comb fluorescence signals. The fluorescence detection scheme circumvents the sensitivity limit which is effectively determined by the dynamic range of photodetectors in absorption-based dual-comb spectroscopies. Our system realized high-sensitive, Doppler-free high-resolution and broadband atomic spectroscopy._x000d_
\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt} \includegraphics[scale=0.9]{figure5.eps} \end{wrapfigure}_x000d_
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A part of observed spectra of 5S - 5D transition is shown in the figure. The hyperfine structures of the = 1 - = 3,2,1 transitions are fully-resolved and the spectral widths are approximately 5 MHz. The absolute frequency axis is precisely calibrated from comb mode frequencies which were stabilized to a GPS-disciplined clock._x000d_
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This work was supported by JST through the ERATO MINOSHIMA Intelligent Optical Synthesizer Project and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (16J02345).
Crenitis (Crenitis) obovata Jia, Tang & Minoshima, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textCrenitis (Crenitis) obovata sp. nov. (Figs. 18–23) Type material: Holotype: CHINA: Guangxi: male (EUMJ), Tieshan Ping / Mt.Miao’er Shan / Guangxi, China / 23-V-1996 / M.Sato leg. // Collection / of Ent. Lab. / Ehime Univ. Paratypes (30 specs., EUMJ, KMNH, NMW, SUSU): CHINA: Guangxi: 1 spec., same data as holotype; 2 males, Tieshan Ping, 2000m / Mt. Miao’er Shan / Guangxi, China / 22-27.V.1996, M.Satô // Collection / of Ent. Lab. / Ehime Univ. Guizhou: 21 specs., CHINA: Guizhou, Leishan Co. / SE Kaili, NE Leishan / Leigong Shan, E - slope / 26°23.39′N 108°13.33′E // 2.5 km E of pass / 19.6.2001, ca. 1600 m / leg. Schillhammer (14); 5 specs., CHINA: Guizhou, Leishan Co. / SE Kaili, NE Leishan / Leigong Shan, E - slope / 26°22.56′N 108°13.40′E // ca. 300 m S of pass / 14.6.2001, ca. 1700 m / leg. Schillhammer / & Wang (CWBS 433); 1 female, CHINA: Guizhou, Leishan Co. / SE Kaili, NE Leishan / Leigong Shan, E - slope / 1700-1800 m, 14.- 24.6.2001 // env. of pass between / Leishan and Fangxiang / (26°22.74′N 108°12.99′E) / leg. Schillhammer (7). Diagnosis. Body obovate. Head and pronotum without impression and microsculpture (Fig. 21). Anterior margin of labrum bearing a transverse row of setae. Pronotal punctures uneven, denser laterally than mesally. Ground punctures on elytra rather fine; ten rows of large punctures present on posterior half of elytra (Fig. 18). Mesoventrite flat. Meso- and metafemora pubescent on basal four-fifths (Fig. 19). Parameres with lateral incisions subbasally and subapically, widening in midlength, apex weakly projecting laterally. Apex of median lobe situated ca. apical fourth of parameres in length (Fig. 23). This species is very similar to C. aduncata and C. lianggeqiui. Ground punctures on elytra of the species are generally finer than C. lianggeqiui (those of C. aduncata are almost same as C. obovata); reliable identification requires a careful examination of male genitalia. Genital morphology is similar to that of C. lianggeqiui: apex of median lobe is situated in apical fourth (Fig. 23), whereas that of C. lianggeqiui is situated subapically (Fig. 51). Description. Length 3.6–3.9 mm, width 2.1–2.3 mm. Body obovate, attenuating posteriorly, convex (Fig. 18). Color. Dorsal surface black to dark reddish brown, pronotum somewhat reddish brown, lateral margins of pronotum yellowish brown (Fig. 18). Maxillary and labial palps and antennae uniformly yellowish brown, with infuscate antennal club. Ventral surface dark reddish brown (Fig. 19). Head. Labrum densely punctate, with broadly emarginate anterior margin; anterior margin of labrum bearing a row of setae densely distributed. Clypeus truncate anteriorly, with dense punctures coarser than those on labrum. Frontoclypeal suture indistinct. Punctures slightly denser on frons than on clypeus. Eyes slightly protruding. Mentum transverse, without impression, with fine punctures, shagreened, without impression; anterior margin of mentum as wide as posterior margin, truncate. Labial palpomere 3 asymmetrical, as long as palpomere 2. Maxillary palpomere 4 asymmetrical, ca. 2 × as long as palpomere 3. Antenna with nine antennomeres, club shorter than antennomeres 1 to 6 combined. Gula narrow, subparallel, gular suture slightly curved medially. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 21) evenly convex, without impressions and systematic punctures; ground punctures on pronotum sparser than those on frons mesally, denser and coarser laterally than mesally; intervals smooth, microsculpture absent (Figs. 18, 21). Lateral and anterior margins of pronotum weakly beaded, anterior margin bisinuate, posterior margin weakly bisinuate, lateral margin evenly curved. Elytra attenuating posteriorly, systematic punctures absent. Ground punctures on elytra rather fine; ten rows of large serial punctures present on posterior half (Fig. 18), lateral three rows strongly impressed, lateral two rows reaching anterior quarter (Fig. 20). Sutural stria almost reaching anterior quarter, deeply impressed (Fig. 18). Prosternum flat, anterior margin broadly protruding. Mesoventrite flat (Fig. 22). Metaventrite covered with pubescence, bulging medially, with a small glabrous area (Fig. 19). Meso- and metafemoral pubescence on basal three-fourths (Fig. 19). Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites (Fig. 19) densely pubescent. First ventrite not carinate. Apical margin of fifth rounded. Aedeagus. Paramere (Fig. 23) with lateral incision basally and then inflated apical to incision, and then narrowing towards apex; apex projecting laterally. Median lobe oblong arrowhead-like shape; apex of median lobe situated in ca. apical fourth of parameres; manubrium long, apex weakly rounded. Etymology. Obovata (Latin, adjective, feminine) means obovate, referring to the body shape. Biology. According to the label data of the paratypes, the specimens were found in aquatic habitats. Paratypes from Sichuan Province were collected in a ‘spring-fed swamp’; a series from Guizhou Province, collected in CWBS (China water beetles survey) loc. 433, were found in a ‘small steep rivulet, in very dark and narrow gorge with dense vegetation’ (after Jäch & Ji, 2003: 8). Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guizhou).Published as part of Jia, Fenglong, Tang, Yudan & Minoshima, Yûsuke N., 2016, Description of three new species of Crenitis Bedel from China, with additional faunistic records for the genus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriinae), pp. 561-576 in Zootaxa 4208 (6) on pages 565-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.6.4, http://zenodo.org/record/21506
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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