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Prevalencia y variables asociadas a trastornos mentales comunes en centros de atención primaria de la provincia de Concepción
Get PDFTesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Salud PúblicaLos trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) son problemas de salud mental frecuentes en la
atención primaria (APS) y es habitual que coexistan con enfermedades orgánicas crónicas.
Objetivos. Estudiar la prevalencia y variables asociadas a la presencia de TMC, incluyendo
comorbilidad, en una muestra de usuarios de centros de APS de la Provincia de Concepción.
Los objetivos específicos son (1) Describir las características sociodemográficas,
antecedentes clínicos y variables psicosociales de la muestra; (2) Describir la prevalencia de
trastornos de ansiedad, depresión y trastornos somatomorfos, incluyendo comorbilidad; (3)
Identificar variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes clínicos y variables psicosociales
asociadas a la presencia de un TMC; y (4) Identificar perfiles de pacientes en la muestra
estudiada.
Método. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, sobre datos secundarios, en una muestra aleatoria
de 2.825 adultos, usuarios de APS. A todo usuario que aceptó participar se le aplicó CIDI y
un cuestionario de 39 factores de riesgo. La variable de resultado principal fue la presencia
de un TMC (ansiedad, depresión, trastornos somatomorfos). Se realizaron análisis
descriptivo, bivariado, y un modelo de regresión logística binomial. Finalmente, se realizó
análisis de regresión de clase latente para identificar perfiles de pacientes.
Resultados. La prevalencia de 12 meses de TMC fue de 24,4%. Los cuadros más
prevalentes fueron trastornos depresivos (13,4%) y ansiosos (11,2%), con un 6,5% de
trastorno somatomorfo. Por diagnóstico, el episodio depresivo mayor simple (6,6%), dolor
somatomorfo (5,7%), episodio de depresión mayor recurrente (4,6%), estrés postraumático
(4,4%) y fobia social (4,2%), fueron los cuadros más prevalentes. 6,3% de la muestra
presentaba solo más de un diagnóstico. Ser mujer, tener antecedentes de depresión y de
problemas emocionales en la familia, dificultades para relacionarse con los demás, una mala
percepción de salud física y mental, no percibir control sobre las actividades no remuneradas
que se realizan y haber experimentados dos o más situaciones de discriminación en los
últimos seis meses, son variables que aumentan la probabilidad de presentar un TMC. El
análisis de clase latente muestra tres grupos de usuarios, el primero con muy baja
probabilidad de tener un TMC, el segundo en que predominan diagnósticos ansiosos y
somatomorfos, y un tercero con un peso relevante de los trastornos del ánimo; el
antecedente de depresión y la distimia son las dos variables que más pesan en la
discriminación de grupos.
Conclusiones. Los TMC son frecuentes en APS y su abordaje es un desafío para los
equipos de trabajo y para quienes gestionan la política pública local y nacional
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Burden experienced by families of patients with schizophrenia and its related factors
Get PDFRESUMO: Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a carga dos cuidadores de doentes com Esquizofrenia e avaliar a correlação com determinadas características demográficas dos doentes e dos cuidadores, assim como com o nível de emoção expressa na família.
Métodos: Este estudo descritivo-analítico foi realizado em 172 doentes com Esquizofrenia e seus cuidadores primários, que foram selecionados em ambulatório, a partir da consulta externa do Hospital Psiquiátrico em Teerão, no Irão, mediante uma amostra de conveniência.
Os cuidadores foram entrevistados utilizando as escalas Zarit Burden Interview e Family Questionnaire, de forma a avaliar a sobrecarga sentida pelos cuidadores e o nível de emoção expressa na família, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, e Spearman.
Resultados: O nível de sobrecarga vivenciada pela maioria dos cuidadores primários foi moderada a grave. A pontuação obtida nas sub-escalas de comentários emocionais, envolvimento excessivo e comentários críticos foram maiores do que o ponto de corte em 51,7% e 64,5% dos cuidadores, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as pontuações obtidas nas duas subescalas do questionário família tinham uma correlação significativa e direta com a carga experimentada pelos cuidadores. O nível de carga experimentada pelos cuidadores foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos de idade e estado civil dos cuidadores, e género, status ocupacional e estado civil dos doentes. O número de membros da família, as condições
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de alojamento, o tempo gasto pelo cuidador com o paciente diariamente, o nível de renda familiar e a duração da doença afetaram significativamente o nível de carga experimentada pelo cuidador. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados, alguns fatores demográficos dos cuidadores, pacientes e seus familiares afetam significativamente a carga experimentada pelos cuidadores primários. A maioria das famílias dos pacientes têm alto nível de emoção expressa e existe uma significativa associação direta entre as emoções expressas e a carga experimentada.------------ABSTRACT: Aim: This study aimed to assess the burden experienced by the caregiver of patients with Schizophrenia, and evaluate its correlation with some demographic characteristics of patients, their caregivers, and the level of expressed emotion in the family.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 172 schizophrenic patients and their primary caregivers selected from the outpatient clinic of a mental hospital in Tehran, Iran using convenience sampling. Caregivers were evaluated with Zarit Burden Interview and Family Questionnaire to assess the burden experienced by the caregivers and the level of expressed emotion in the family, respectively. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman’s tests.
Results: The level of burden experienced by the majority of primary caregivers was moderate to severe. The scores obtained in the subscales of emotional over-involvement and critical comments were higher than the cutoff point in 51.7% and 64.5% of caregivers respectively. The results showed that the scores obtained in the two subscales of family questionnaire had a significant, direct correlation with the burden experienced by the caregivers. The level of burden experienced by the caregivers was significantly different between the subgroups of age and marital status of the caregivers, and gender, occupational status and marital status of the patients. Number of family members, home ownership status, time spent by the caregiver with the patient daily, level of family income and duration of disorder significantly affected the level of burden experienced by the caregiver.
Conclusion: Based on the results, some demographic factors of the primary caregivers, patients and their family significantly affect the burden experienced by the primary caregivers. Most of the families of patients have high expressed emotions and a significant, direct association exists between the expressed emotions and the burden experienced
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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