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[[alternative]]The analysis of Yi-chi-tsung-ming-tang in CE and HPLC
No full text[[abstract]]High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are two well-known techniques in chemical analysis. Both have many separating modes and are used to assay Chinese herbal drugs. In the present study, two analyzing methods are established for assaying the constituents of the Chinese herbal preparation, Yi-chi-tsung-ming-tang. The suitability of the two methods was also evaluated and compared.
Yi-chi-tsung-ming-tang comprises Paeoniae Radix, Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Puerariae Radix, Viticis Fructus, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex. In HPLC analysis, eighteen constituents of Yi-chi-tsung-ming-tang, including gallic acid, benzoic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, paeonol, formononrtin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, puerarin, daidzein, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizin, glycyrrhizin, 18b-glycyrrhetinic acid and ginsenoside Rb1, were separated in 80 minutes by a Cosmosil 5C18-MS column with a linear gradient elution system containing phosphates and acetonitrile which was detected at 203 nm, 210 nm, and 254 nm. Moreover, the constituents in each component herb and the home-made preparation were investigated herein. The preservation stability of the commercially available Yi-chi-tsung-ming-tang preparations was also evaluated by the developed analysis method.
In CE analysis, the analysis of Yi-chi-tsung-ming-tang was cut into two parts, MEKC and CZE, according to the properties of the constituents In MEKC, two constituents, albiflorin and paeoniflorin, could be separated in 15 minutes, using a buffer system containing anionic surfactants (40 mM SC) and acetonitrile as organic modifier. In CZE, thirteen constituents could be separated in 55 minutes, using a buffer system containing 20 mM borate（pH=9.76）. The effects of the analysis parameters were also investigated herein. Moreover, one Chinese herb, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, was analyzed by an on-line sample stacking CE method, sweeping. Also, the suitability and effects of the method were compared with those of the conventional CE methods.
From the results of the analysis, it is concluded that HPLC and CE possesses their own beneficial effects in terms of the suitability of the system, analyzing time, stability of the base line, and the number of theoretical plates of each compound, respectively. HPLC and CE can complement each other in the analysis of Chinese herbal preparations.
Landscape Optimization Design based on the Concept of "Ming Tang" in Geomancy Science
Full text linkThis paper discusses the application of the concept of "Ming Tang" in modern landscape optimization in Chinese geomancy science. Through literature review and case analysis, the application principles of this concept in modern landscape design are extracted, and the project is implemented. It is found that the concept of "Ming Tang" can guide the order of environmental space, increase cultural significance, optimize functional layout, and improve comfort. In addition, this paper also discusses the limitations of the concept of "Ming Tang" in modern landscape design, such as lack of quantitative data support, cultural background differences, etc
Conceptual Framework for Growth Triangles
Full text linkIn recent years, while the significance of regional trade and trading blocs within Asia region (AFTA, APEC, ASEAN, SAARC, EAEC, etc.) has gained considerable interest among the policy-makers and researchers alike, tangible accomplishments, in terms of enhanced economic cooperation and trade liberalisation among the trading blocs, are still muted [Thant et al. (1998), p. 23]. Several reasons and problems have been cited for the limited success of these formal trading blocs, particularly in the Asia region, namely: (a) shortage of large volumes of internal and inter-regional trade; (b) absence of complimentary laws and regulations among the trading blocs in managing trade and investment flows; (c) inadequate transport and communication facilities and the lack of geographic proximity among many member countries; (d) presence of income disparities among several member countries may have negative effect on income distribution at the time of adjustments in trade flow; and (e) lack of political commitments and policy coordination among member countries. However, since the late 1980s, a new innovative genre of regional economic cooperation, bridging the differences between regional blocs and international trade, began to surface in the Asia region, which are now commonly known as “growth triangles” or, more appropriately, “growth zones” and they were also considered to be devoid of some of the predicaments noted above for regional trading blocs.
Zi zhi tong jian gang mu: Qian bian er shi wu juan, Zheng bian wu shi jiu juan, Xu bian er shi qi juan, Xu bian juan mo. v.1
No full text[V.1-8]. 前編二十五卷 -- [v.9-89]. 正編五十九卷 -- [v.90]. 續編卷末 : 五代史補編 -- [v. 91-118]. 續編二十七卷.[V.1-8]. qian bian er shi wu juan -- [v.9-89]. zheng bian wu shi jiu juan -- [v.90]. xu bian juan mo : wu dai shi bu bian -- [v. 91-118]. xu bian er shi qi juan.[朱熹纂修 ; 前編南軒撰 ; 續編商輅...[et al.]奉勅撰] ; 陳仁錫評閱.綫裝, 12函.框19.9x14.3公分, 7行18字, 小字雙行同, 白口, 單黑魚尾, 四周單邊, 版心上鐫"通鑑綱目", 中鐫卷次及小題, 下鐫葉次, "前編", "春明堂", "正編", "續編"等. 眉端刻評.《資治通鑑綱目》正編内封頁鐫"陳明卿先生評定, □□梓行"鈐有"范陽氏鏡潭藏", "魏氏家藏"印.Xian zhuang, 12 han.Kuang 19.9 x 14.3 gong fen, 7 hang 18 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong, bai kou, dan hei yu wei, si zhou dan bian, ban xin shang juan "Tong jian gang mu", zhong juan juan ci ji xiao ti, xia juan ye ci, "Qian bian", "Chun ming tang", "Zheng bian", "Xu bian"deng. Mei duan ke ping."Zi zhi tong jian gang mu" zheng bian nei feng ye juan "Chen Mingqing xian sheng ping ding, [...] [...] zi hang"[Zhu Xi zuan xiu ; qian bian Nan Xuan zhuan ; xu bian Shang Lu ...[et al.] feng chi zhuan] ; Chen Renxi ping yue.Qian you "Fanyang shi Jingtan cang", "Wei shi jia cang" yin
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