697 research outputs found
Tilt and Strain Change Before and After the Explosion at Minami-dake, Sakurajima, in 2017
No full textDeformation source associated with each eruption at Sakurajima have been estimated beneath Minami-dake for each eruption. Deformation sources for mid-long term magma intrusion event were estimated beneath Aira caldera, Kita-dake and Minami-dake. A new observation tunnel was installed at Komen in August 2016. On November 13, 2017, an explosion with an infrasound occurred at Minami-dake at 22:07. Ground deflation was accompanied and kept for approximately five hours. Most tilt vectors showed radial pattern of deflation at Minami-dake, whereas that at Komen showed deflation at northern part of Sakurajima. We modeled the tilt and strain change except Komen. At first, we modeled the deflation based on the Mogi model. A deflation source was located beneath Minami-dake. Directions of observed and calculated tilt vectors were slightly different at western and northern stations. We then applied a sill model. A sill was located between Minami-dake and Kita-dake. Magma may migrate wider area than it has been considered during each eruption at Sakurajima. This sill model cannot explain tilt change at Komen. There might be a local displacement around Komen
2-1 Spatial and Temporal Glacier Flow Velocity Changes in Southern Patagonia Icefield, Inferred from ALOS/PALSAR and Envisat/ASAR
No full text平成24年度京都大学防災研究所一般研究集会(24K-05)「SAR研究の新時代に向けて」, 京都大学防災研究所連携研究棟大セミナー室, 2012/9/12-1
Surface velocities and ice-front positions of eight major glaciers in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, South America, from 2002 to 2011
No full textThe Patagonian Ice Fields are known to have undergone rapid retreat of frontal positions and significant thinning of its glaciers over the past decades. However, surface velocities have been measured at only a few of these glaciers. Thus, it remains uncertain if and to what extent the glacier dynamics has changed over time and contributed to ice loss in these ice fields. In this study, we examine the temporal evolution of flow velocities and ice-front positions at eight major glaciers in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field (SPI; Hielo Patagonico Sur) by using Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) images from the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) launched in 2002 by the European Space Agency and Advanced Land Observation Satellite/Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS/PALSAR) data recorded from 2002 to 2011. The examined eight glaciers include Glaciar Jorge Montt, Occidental, Pio XI (or Briiggen), O'Higgins, Viedma, Upsala, Perito Moreno, and Grey. Not all the glaciers revealed significant changes in frontal positions and flow velocities in the study period. We detected significant temporal velocity changes at Glaciar Upsala, Jorge Montt, Occidental, and Pio XI. Among these four glaciers, Glaciars Upsala, Jorge Montt, and Occidental revealed significant acceleration and terminus retreat and were undergoing dynamic-thinning. The markedly different absolute velocities but equally large longitudinal near-terminus stretching at the three glaciers support a calving model based on crevasse-depth criteria, which predict a calving position where crevasse-depths are equal to ice thickness; crevasse-depths are controlled by the longitudinal stretching rate. Meanwhile, Glaciar Pio XI revealed complex spatial and temporal evolution in surface velocities without significant retreat, and its dynamics remains enigmatic. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
ON THE RELATION BETWEEN "HIGH-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC WAVES" IN THE GROUNDWATER AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY OF SAKURAJIMA VOLCANO
No full textA borehole with the depth of 405m was drilled in the lava dome, which is 2.8km northwestof the active crater of Minami-dake, Sakurajima Volcano. A hydrophone was installed inthe groundwater at the bottom of the borehole to observe acoustic waves associated with thevolcanic activity.The acoustic waves observed by the hydrophone are classified into two types by thewaveforms. One is a low-frequency acoustic wave of which dominant frequency is 8.8Hz.The acoustic waves of this type are inferred to be caused by seismic waves. The other isa high-frequency acoustic wave (HAW) of which dominant frequencies are both 25Hz and8.8Hz. No significant seismic events are observed at the time of the occurrence of HAW.Examining the relationship among the numbers of occurrence of HAW, seismic activityand the concentration of hydrogen gas monitored in Mochiki borehole-C which is 4.0kmsouthwest of the active crater, the following results were obtained.1) The increases in numbers of occurrence of HAW are observed after the significantincreases in the concentration of hydrogen gas.2) The increases in numbers of occurrence of HAW are observed at the almost same timewhen A-type earthquakes occurred beneath the active crater.3) The change of numbers of the occurrence of the HAW is similar to that of B-typeearthquakes. The increases in numbers of HAW are observed before B-type earthquakeswarms and eruptions occur.A borehole with the depth of 405m was drilled in the lava dome, which is 2.8km northwestof the active crater of Minami-dake, Sakurajima Volcano. A hydrophone was installed inthe groundwater at the bottom of the borehole to observe acoustic waves associated with thevolcanic activity.The acoustic waves observed by the hydrophone are classified into two types by thewaveforms. One is a low-frequency acoustic wave of which dominant frequency is 8.8Hz.The acoustic waves of this type are inferred to be caused by seismic waves. The other isa high-frequency acoustic wave (HAW) of which dominant frequencies are both 25Hz and8.8Hz. No significant seismic events are observed at the time of the occurrence of HAW.Examining the relationship among the numbers of occurrence of HAW, seismic activityand the concentration of hydrogen gas monitored in Mochiki borehole-C which is 4.0kmsouthwest of the active crater, the following results were obtained.1) The increases in numbers of occurrence of HAW are observed after the significantincreases in the concentration of hydrogen gas.2) The increases in numbers of occurrence of HAW are observed at the almost same timewhen A-type earthquakes occurred beneath the active crater.3) The change of numbers of the occurrence of the HAW is similar to that of B-typeearthquakes. The increases in numbers of HAW are observed before B-type earthquakeswarms and eruptions occur
Correction to: Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan
No full textThe article Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan, written by Mitsuhiko Nose, Momoka Tada, Rika Kojima, Kumiko Nagata, Shinsuke Hisaka, Sayaka Masada, Masato Homma and Takashi Hakamatsuka, was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume 71, issue 4, page 711–722 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2018 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</jats:p
“Masato de Yuca” and “Chicha de Siete Semillas” Two Traditional Vegetable Fermented Beverages from Peru as Source for the Isolation of Potential Probiotic Bacteria
No full textOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was funded by the Ibero-American Programme on Science and Technology for Development (CYTED), grant number 917PTE0537. The Spanish team was funded by the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” and the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (AEI/FEDER, UE), grant number PCIN2017-075″. The Peruvian team was funded by the National Council of Science and Technology and Innovation of Peru through its execution unit National Fund for Scientific, Technological and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC/FONDECYT), grant No. 001–2017.In this work, two Peruvian beverages “Masato de Yuca,” typical of the Amazonian communities made from cassava (Manihot esculenta), and “Chicha de Siete Semillas,” made from different cereal, pseudo-cereal, and legume flours, were explored for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria after obtaining the permission of local authorities following Nagoya protocol. From an initial number of 33 isolates, 16 strains with different RAPD- and REP-PCR genetic profiles were obtained. In Chicha, all strains were Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum), whereas in Masato, in addition to this species, Limosilactobacillus fermentum (formerly Lactobacillus fermentum), Pediococcus acidilactici, and Weissella confusa were also identified. Correlation analysis carried out with their carbohydrate fermentation patterns and enzymatic profiles allowed a clustering of the lactobacilli separated from the other genera. Finally, the 16 strains were submitted to a static in vitro digestion (INFOGEST model) that simulated the gastrointestinal transit. Besides, their ability to adhere to the human epithelial intestinal cell line HT29 was also determined. Following both procedures, the best probiotic candidate was Lac. plantarum Ch13, a robust strain able to better face the challenging conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and showing higher adhesion ability to the intestinal epithelium in comparison with the commercial probiotic strain 299v. In order to characterize its benefit for human health, this Ch13 strain will be deeply studied in further works. © 2021, The Author(s).Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Repeated Relative Gravity Measurements in Sakurajima Volcano (October 2021 and March 2022)
No full textRelative gravity values were repeatedly measured at 19 gravity points in and around Sakurajima Volcano in October 2021 and March 2022, to monitor spatiotemporal mass variations associated with volcanic activity. The gravity values obtained from 1998 to 2022 showed a clear increase of up to +4.3 Gal/yr in the central part of the volcano. The gravity increase can be explained by the point mass increase of 8 × 109 kg/yr under the center of the volcano at a depth of 3 km below sea level. This result implies that volcanic mass continuously increases under Sakurajima Volcano, even during the quiet period of eruptive activities at the Minami-dake crater
Repeated Relative Gravity Measurements in Sakurajima Volcano (October 2022 and February-March 2023)
No full textRelative gravity values were repeatedly measured at 20 gravity points in and around Sakurajima Volcano in October 2022 and February-March 2023, to monitor spatiotemporal mass variations associated with volcanic activity. The gravity values obtained from 1998 to 2023 showed a clear increase of up to +4.3 μGal/yr in the central part of the volcano. The gravity increase can be explained by the point mass increase of 8 × 10⁹ kg/yr under the center of the volcano at a depth of 3.5 km below sea level. This result implies that volcanic mass continuously increases under Sakurajima Volcano, even during the quiet period of eruptive activities at the Minami-dake crater
Dispersion and shattering strength of rocky and frozen planetesimals studied by laboratory experiments and numerical simulations
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