177,169 research outputs found
Dendrogaster tanabensis Saito & Moritaki & Minakata & Wakabayashi 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Dendrogaster tanabensis</i> Saito & Wakabayashi sp. nov. <p>[New Japanese name: hime-no-shidamushi]</p> <p>(Figs. 1D, 3)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: larvigerous female (mantle size 28.6 mm), NSMT-Cr 31584, found beside the host on 14 March 2022 from <i>Henricia</i> sp. (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) (R 36.0 mm, r 10.7 mm), TAMBL-EC 36, off Tanabe, Wakayama Prefecture, southwestern Kii Peninsula, Pacific coast of central Japan, approximately 200–300 m in depth, coll. K. Minakata on 9 March 2022.</p> <p>No males were found from the holotype female.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype female.</b> Carapace (or mantle) markedly branched; surface smooth (Fig. 3A, B). Middle piece elliptical, approximately twice as long as wide. Pair of main branches directed laterally from the base of middle piece, divided into 3 (anterior, central, and posterior) outspreading primary branches. Each anterior primary branch divided dichotomously into secondary branches, these in turn giving off short oppositely placed tertiary branches with terminal protuberances. Central primary branch straight, giving off 4 oppositely placed secondary branches with terminal protuberances on each side. Branching pattern of posterior pair of primary branches similar to that of anterior primary branches.</p> <p>Antennules 4-segmented and subchelate (Fig. 3C). First segment large, trapezoidal. Second segment trapezoidal, distal margin curved. Third segment with fusion seam crossing proximal-dorsal angle and 2 spiniform setae at distal end of seam. Fourth segment rectangular, with movable terminal claw, large, cylindrical claw guard, and rudimental proximal sensory process; bearing 1 seta at dorsal base of terminal claw (another seta at ventral probably missing), 2 distal setae on claw guard, and 1 seta and 1 aesthetasc on proximal sensory process.</p> <p>Oral cone formed by labrum ensheathing maxillae. Maxillule and mandibles absent. Maxillae (Fig. 3D) harpoon-like, right and left maxillae fused medially for most of their length but separated at distal end; apex bifid, right distal prong straight and ventral hooks reflected backward, but left of these recurved laterally.</p> <p>Rudiments of thoracopods absent.</p> <p>Nauplius (outhonauplius) with bowl-shaped carapace, oval in dorsal view, 0.82× 0.53 mm (n = 20); antennules, antennae, mandibles, labrum, and anal spine present; frontal filaments and medial knob, naupliar eye, maxillules, buds of thoracopods, caudal appendages, and abdominal spines absent. Antennules (Fig. 3E) uniramous with 9 indistinct segments, bearing 3 terminal and 1 distal setae.Antennae (Fig. 3F) biramous; exopod with 12 indistinct segments, bearing 3 terminal setae, and 1 long seta on each of distal 4 segments; endopod with 8 indistinct segments, bearing 3 terminal setae, and 1 long seta on each of 4 segments. Mandibles (Fig. 3G) biramous; exopod with 12 indistinct segments, bearing 3 terminal setae, and 1 long seta on each of 4 segments; endopod with 4 indistinct segments, 3 setae at distal end. Labrum pointed ventrally.</p> <p> <b>Coloration.</b> In living female specimen, mantle pale pink (Fig. 1D).</p> <p> <b>Genetic information.</b> K2P distances of the partial COI gene sequences determined from the holotype (NSMT-Cr 31584, GenBank No. PP118259) was 0.229 –0.367 from the other 7 species of <i>Dendrogaster</i> (Table 1).</p> <p> <b>Ecological note.</b> The host echinasterid sea star, <i>Henricia</i> sp. (Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) infested with <i>Dendrogaster tanabensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in the coelomic cavity was solely housed in a home aquarium for ornamental purposes. <i>Dendrogaster tanabensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> was found completely exposed to the water beside the host sea star which dorsal wall of an arm collapsed. A single female parasite infested the coelomic cavity of an arm of the host sea star. The main branch of the female mantle was filled with numerous nauplii; however, no ascothoracid larvae were observed.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named after the type locality, Tanabe, Kii Peninsula, Pacific coast of central Japan.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The three-pronged primary branches of the female mantle of <i>Dendrogaster tanabensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> link to <i>D. arbusculus</i> and <i>D. okadai</i> (Yosii 1931; Grygier 1982); however, <i>Dendrogaster tanabensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be easily distinguished from these congeners by the absence of an extra branch opposite to the middle piece (vs. presence in <i>D. arbusculus</i>), and straight, not dichotomous secondary branches of the central primary branches (vs. dichotomous in <i>D. okadai</i>).</p> <p> <i>Dendrogaster astericola</i> Knipovich, 1890, the type species of this genus, is known from another echinasterid sea star, <i>Henricia sanguinolenta</i> (O.F. Müller, 1776) (Knipovich 1890; Wagin 1950, 1976). However, <i>Dendrogaster tanabensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>D. astericola</i> by the large body of females (vs. small, 8–11 mm, in <i>D. astericola</i>), and the well-developed ramification of the female mantle (vs. rudimentary in <i>D. astericola</i>). Three other echinasterid sea stars, <i>Echinaster purpureus</i> (Gray, 1840), <i>E. stereosomus</i> Fisher, 1913b, and <i>E. luzonicus</i> (Gray, 1840), are known hosts of <i>Dendrogaster ludwigi</i> Le Roi, 1905 (or <i>Dendrogaster</i> sp. <i>cf. ludwigi</i>) (Le Roi 1905, 1907; Grygier 1988, 1996; Yoshimoto <i>et al</i>. 2020).</p>Published as part of <i>Saito, Nobuhiro, Moritaki, Takeya, Minakata, Keiji & Wakabayashi, Kaori, 2024, Three new species of sea star parasite Dendrogaster (Crustacea: Thecostraca) from Japan, pp. 577-590 in Zootaxa 5405 (4)</i> on pages 582-584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10603857">http://zenodo.org/record/10603857</a>
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dendrogaster jinshomaruae Saito & Moritaki & Minakata & Wakabayashi 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Dendrogaster jinshomaruae</i> Saito & Wakabayashi sp. nov. <p>[New Japanese name: kanmuri-shidamushi]</p> <p>(Figs. 1E, 4, 5)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: ovigerous female (mantle size 18.8 mm), NSMT-Cr 31586, removed from <i>Coronaster volsellatus</i> (Sladen, 1889) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Forcipulatida: Asteriidae) (unmeasured) (host specimen was not kept), off Kumano at either of two stations: St1 33°52’31.3 N 136°14’17.1 E, 210 m in depth; St2 33°54’54.5 N 136°15’26.5 E, 280 m in depth, Mie Prefecture, southeastern Kii Peninsula, Pacific coast of central Japan, coll. T. Moritaki on 24 March 2021.</p> <p>Allotype: male (total length 6.17 mm), NSMT-Cr 31587, removed from the main branch of the paratype female, NSMT-Cr 31591.</p> <p> Paratypes: one immature female (mantle size 9.6 mm), NSMT-Cr 31588, removed on 7 September 2020 from <i>C. volsellatus</i> (R 75 mm, r 15 mm), off Minami-ise (34°08’01.4”N, 136°30’14.8”E), Mie Prefecture, eastern Kii Peninsula, Pacific coast of central Japan, approximately 280 m in depth, coll. T. Moritaki, on 24 June 2018; 4 mature females (mantle size 14.2, 17.4, 30.8 mm, broken), NSMT-Cr 31589–31592, removed on 24 March 2021 from unmeasured hosts, same collection information as the holotype. The host specimens were not kept.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype female.</b> Carapace (or mantle) markedly branched; surface smooth (Fig. 4A, B). Middle piece globular shaped. Pair of elongated stout main branches directed from base of middle piece, overall V-shaped; each main branch with 4 or 5 primary branches on each side arising oppositely with developed terminal protuberances.</p> <p>Antennules 4-segmented and subchelate (Fig. 4C). First segment large, rectangular. Second segment triangular. Third segment rectangular, with fusion seam crossing proximal-dorsal angle and 2 spiniform setae at distal end of seam. Fourth segment rectangular, with movable terminal claw, large, cylindrical claw guard, and rudimentary proximal sensory process; bearing a pair of setae at dorsal and ventral base of terminal claw, 2 distal setae on claw guard, and 1 seta and 1 small aesthetasc on proximal sensory process.</p> <p>Oral cone formed by labrum ensheathing maxillae. Maxillule and mandibles absent. Maxillae (Fig. 4D) harpoon-like, right and left maxillae fused medially for most of their length but separated distally, each with distal prongs and ventral hooks at apex. Distal prongs recurved laterally; ventral hooks reflected backwards.</p> <p>Rudiments of thoracopods absent.</p> <p>Eggs semi-oval, 0.52 mm (n=7).</p> <p>Nauplius (outhonauplius) with bowl-shaped carapace, oval in dorsal view, 0.78× 0.48 mm; antennules, antennae, mandibles, labrum, and anal spine present; frontal filaments and medial knob, naupliar eye, maxillules, buds of thoracopods, caudal appendages, and abdominal spines absent. Antennules (Fig. 4E) uniramous with 4 indistinct segments, bearing 3 terminal setae. Antennae (Fig. 4F) biramous; exopod with 14 indistinct segments, bearing 2 terminal setae, and 1 long seta on each of distal 6 segments; endopod with 6 indistinct segments, bearing 3 terminal setae. Mandibles (Fig. 4G) biramous; exopod with 9 indistinct segments, bearing 2 terminal setae, and 1 long seta on each of 4 distal segments; endopod with 4 indistinct segments, 2 setae at distal end. Labrum pointed ventrally.</p> <p> <b>Description of allotype male.</b> Carapace with pair of long, thick, more or less cylindrical posterior processes (Fig. 5A). Main body collapsed; anterior half comprised of antennules and an oral cone (Fig. 5B), posterior half missing.</p> <p>Antennules similar to those of female (Fig. 5B): 2 long spiniform setae at distal end of seam on third segment; fourth segment with 2 setae, one at dorsal base of movable terminal claw and other 1 on lateral side of segment; 2 setae on cylindrical claw guard; and 1 small aesthetasc on proximal sensory process.</p> <p>Ventral hooks tip of bifid maxillae reflected backwards (Fig. 5B).</p> <p> <b>Coloration.</b> In living female specimen, mantle white-to-cream yellow (Fig. 1E).</p> <p> <b>Genetic information.</b> K2P distances of the partial COI gene sequences determined from the holotype (NSMTCr 31586, GenBank No. PP118260) was 0.143 –0.382 from the other 7 species of <i>Dendrogaster</i> (Table 1).</p> <p> <b>Ecological note.</b> The host asteriid sea star, <i>C. volsellatus</i> (Forcipulatida: Asteriidae) is distributed in southern Japan, the East China Sea, and the southern Sea of Japan (Imaoka <i>et al</i>. 1990), and is common in the bathyal zone of Kumano-nada (Saba <i>et al</i>. 1982; T. Moritaki, personal communications). On 24 March 2021, 84 individuals of the sea star collected during “the survey of the Kumano-nada bathyal marine fauna” (Moritaki 2020) were examined. Five of them were infected with <i>Dendrogaster jinshomaruae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, thus, the prevalence was 6.0%. All female parasites infested the coelomic cavity of an arm of the host sea star. One male specimen was found from a paratype female. A few roe-like egg masses and a single nauplius were observed in the main branch of the holotype female, probably the eggs of this female were not fully developed. No ascothoracid larvae were found in any of the female parasites.</p> <p> Interestingly, <i>Asteriomyzostomum hercules</i> Jimi, Moritaki & Kajihara, 2017 (Annelida: Myzostomida) is also known to parasitize in the cardiac stomach of <i>C. volsellatus</i> (Jimi <i>et al</i>. 2017). Simultaneous parasitism by <i>Dendrogaster jinshomaruae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and the endoparasitic annelid on a single host sea star was confirmed in this study: one case on the wild-caught sea star and another case on the sea star kept in a tank at Toba Aquarium (T. Moritaki, personal communications).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is a Latin genitive noun honouring the fishing trawler <i>Jinsho-maru</i>, with a feminine ending appropriate for any ship.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The whole V-shaped body of the female <i>Dendrogaster jinshomaruae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> links to <i>D. murmanensis</i> Wagin, 1950 from <i>Crossaster papposus</i> (Linnaeus, 1767) (Solasteridae) and <i>Solaster endeca</i> (Linnaeus, 1771) (Solasteridae), and <i>D. asterinae</i> Achituv, 1971 from <i>Asterina burtoni</i> Gray, 1840 (Asterinidae) (Wagin 1950; Achituv 1971). <i>Dendrogaster jinshomaruae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> can be clearly distinguished from these congeners by 4 or 5 primary branches on each side of the main branches. The main branches do not arise on the anterior side of <i>D. murmanensis</i>, whereas <i>D. asterinae</i> arise more than 6 pair of primary branches on each side of the main branches.</p>Published as part of <i>Saito, Nobuhiro, Moritaki, Takeya, Minakata, Keiji & Wakabayashi, Kaori, 2024, Three new species of sea star parasite Dendrogaster (Crustacea: Thecostraca) from Japan, pp. 577-590 in Zootaxa 5405 (4)</i> on pages 585-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10603857">http://zenodo.org/record/10603857</a>
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
- …
