1,721,054 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
유화제와 입자크기가 다른 수중유적형 유화액내에서 erythorbyl laurate의 항산화 및 항균력 비교
Get PDF학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부, 2018. 2. 장판식.Erythorbyl laurate (EL) is a multi-functional emulsifier with antioxidative and antibacterial activities for simultaneously controlling the lipid oxidation and microbial contamination in emulsion-based food. In the previous study, the antioxidative activity of EL in emulsion was enhanced since EL was located in the interface where lipid oxidation occurred in the emulsion. In addition, EL showed no inhibitory effect in aqueous system, but showed the inhibitory effect in emulsion against gram-negative bacteria. Hence, it was expected that emulsifying properties could affect the antioxidative and antibacterial activities of EL.
Emulsions were prepared with different emulsifiers and droplet sizes. Tween-series emulsifiers were used and sonication time was controlled to prepare emulsions with different droplet sizes. Then the antioxidative and antibacterial activities of EL in the emulsions were compared.
Concentrations of lipid peroxides in Tween 20-, Tween 40-, Tween 60-, and Tween 80-stabilized emulsions with EL after 9 days were determined to be 35.95±4.05, 49.17±4.55, 51.74±9.18, and 70.79±0.59 mmol/kg oil, respectively. The result could be explained in terms of the quantity of EL caused by different packing of EL in the interface according to type of emulsifier. EL could be densely packed in the interface of Tween 20-stabilized emulsion since Tween-20 has lauric acid as a fatty acid with the same as EL. In contrast, EL could not be packed densely in Tween 80-stabilized emulsion due to a double bond kink structure in fatty acid of Tween 80. Concentrations of lipid peroxides in Tween 20-stabilized emulsions with EL containing droplet sizes of 261.80, 430.67, and 688.55 nm after 12 days were found out to be 65.97±3.23, 51.92±2.16, and 35.79±5.71 mmol/kg oil, respectively. It was reported that interfacial area of emulsion increased by reduction of droplet size and consequently oxidation occurs rapidly. Thus, there was no effect of droplet size on antioxidative activity of EL in emulsion.
Minimum bactericidal concentrations of Tween 20-, Tween 40-, Tween 60-, and Tween 80-stabilized emulsions with EL after treatment for 12 h were 0.040±0.000, 0.057±0.006, 0.087±0.012, and 0.090±0.010%, respectively. EL in Tween 20- and Tween 80-stabilized emulsions showed the highest and the lowest antibacterial activity, respectively, due to the different amount of EL in the interface. Effect of droplet size on antibacterial activity of EL in emulsion was difficult to investigate due to micelle formation formed by the remaining emulsifiers in the continuous phase.
Consequently, this study revealed that the antioxidative and antibacterial activities of EL in emulsion were affected by hydrophobic tail length and double bond of the emulsifier mixed with EL. Therefore, when applying EL to emulsion-based food, hydrophobic tail length and double bond of the emulsifier mixed with EL should be considered. When EL mixed with an emulsifier structurally similar to EL, such as Tween 20, which composed of the lauric acid (12:0), the functionality of EL can be improved.1. Introduction 1
2. Materials and methods 4
2.1. Materials 4
2.2. Production of erythorbyl laurate 5
2.3. Preparation of O/W emulsion 7
2.3.1. Composition and manufacturing process of O/W emulsion 7
2.3.2. Factors affecting droplet size and optimum conditions of emulsification 8
2.3.3. O/W emulsion preparation with different emulsifying properties 8
2.4. Measurement of droplet size 9
2.5. Comparative evaluation of antioxidative activity of erythorbyl laurate in O/W emulsion 10
2.6. Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of erythorbyl laurate in O/W emulsion 11
2.6.1. Bacterial strains and culture conditions 11
2.6.2. Time killing assay 11
2.6.3. Minimum bactericidal concentration in O/W emulsion 12
2.7. Statistical analysis 13
3. Results and discussion 14
3.1. Effect of emulsification conditions on droplet size and size distribution 14
3.1.1. Emulsifier concentration 14
3.1.2. Sonication power and time 17
3.2. Measurement of droplet size and stability of emulsion 20
3.3. Comparison of antioxidative activity of erythorbyl laurate depending on type of emulsifier and droplet size in O/W emulsion 24
3.3.1. Lipid oxidation rate depending on erythorbyl laurate concentration 24
3.3.2. Types of emulsifiers 26
3.3.3. Droplet sizes 29
3.4. Comparison of antibacterial activities of erythorbyl laurate depending on type of emulsifier and droplet size in O/W emulsion 32
3.4.1. Determination of antibacterial activity with erythorbyl laurate 32
3.4.2. Types of emulsifiers 38
3.4.3. Droplet sizes 43
4. Conclusions 46
5. References 47
국문초록 53Maste
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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