3,152 research outputs found
Activation of Kv7 channels normalizes hyperactivity of the VTA-NAcLat circuit and attenuates methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and sensitization in mice
No full textThe brain circuit projecting from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell (NAcLat) has a key role in methamphetamine (MA) addiction. As different dopamine (DA) neuron subpopulations in the VTA participate in different neuronal circuits, it is a challenge to isolate these DA neuron subtypes. Using retrograde tracing and Patch-seq, we isolated DA neurons in the VTA-NAcLat circuit in MA-treated mice and performed gene expression profiling. Among the differentially expressed genes, KCNQ genes were dramatically downregulated. KCNQ genes encode Kv7 channel proteins, which modulate neuronal excitability. Injection of both the Kv7.2/3 agonist ICA069673 and the Kv7.4 agonist fasudil into the VTA attenuated MA-induced conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization and decreased neuronal excitability. Increasing Kv7.2/3 activity decreased neural oscillations, synaptic plasticity and DA release in the VTA-NacLat circuit in MA-treated mice. Furthermore, overexpression of only Kv7.3 channels in the VTA-NacLat circuit was sufficient to attenuate MA-induced reward behavior and decrease VTA neuron excitability. Activation of Kv7 channels in the VTA may become a novel treatment strategy for MA abuse
The role of migration and language contact in the development of the Sino-Tibetan language family
No full textTan min jian shuo chang yi shu
No full textSubtitle supplied by cataloguer.Live recording."一九八四年三月三十一號下午一點半"--Audio content."魏喜奎"--Spine.Electronic reproduction from Rulan Chao Pian Audio Cassette Collection.Spoken in Chinese, with a short conversation in English about recharge battery use."Yi jiu ba si nian san yue san shi yi hao xia wu yi dian ban"--Audio content."Wei Xikui"--Spine
A Study of Zou yan shu, Unearthed from Zhangjiashan Han Dynasty Tomb 247
No full textFrom December 1983 to January 1984, 228 bamboo strips were unearthed in M247 at Jiangling, Hubei. These strips contained a collection of criminal cases called Zou Yan Shu, as well as 526 strips containing Laws of the 2nd Year. This discovery effectively patched a gap in judicature during the transition from the Qin to the Han. Beginning in 1985, a research group, Li Xueqin, and Peng Hao, began publishing the content of these strips in Wenwu. Soon scholars all over the world began researching the strips. In 2008, the Bamboo and Silk Manuscript Center at Wuhan University used infrared imaging (as well as referencing Cai Wanjin\ue2s revisions of the text and the research of other scholars) to make sense of a very muddled text. This also brought about many breakthroughs in research on the Zou Yan Shu. Now scholars understand much more concerning judicature during the Qin-Han period and how it differed from that of pre-Qin times. Despite this, few scholars have attempted a comprehensive analysis of the 22 cases found in this work. There is much research to be done on legal terminology in the text, the judiciary writing process in Zou Yan Shu, the reasons for compiling these 22 cases, knowledge of judiciary principles during Qin-Han gained from these cases, and several keys to unjust, falsified, and mistaken cases.
This dissertation attempts to utilized prior understanding of the scholarly community to systematically and comprehensively analyzing all 22 cases and to explicate the meaning of the title Zou Yan Shu, judiciary terminology, the judiciary process, adjudicatory results, and reasons for the unjust, falsified, and mistaken cases.
It was discovered that the purpose for this compilation was to educate law-enforcement officials and portrays the message that from receiving the initial report to apprehending and trying the criminal to gathering evidence to issuing the final judgment, if the principle \ue2all is decided by the law\ue2 is not strictly adhered to then mistakes are easily made. In addition, the way documents are written in Zhou Yan Shu is closely related to the judiciary process from the county-level all the way to the Commandant of Justice, revealing how this process worked at the various levels
The effects of debt subsidies on corporate investment behavior
No full textThis paper argues that credit subsidies are ineffective in stimulating business investment in productive assets. Instead, they lead to an increase in corporate holdings of financial assets and real estate. For empirical verification, the investment patterns in a sample of 241 Korean corporations listed on the Korean Stock Exchange between 1984 and 1988 were examined. The authors found a significant positive relation between corporate speculative asset holding and access to subsidized loans. Their estimates indicate that without interest rate controls and other forms of subsidy, corporate holdings of speculative assets would have been one-seventh of observed levels. Moreover, most corporate real estate holdings appear to be unrelated to production activities. Little evidence is found that the Korean government's interest rate controls and credit allocation policy have accelerated expansion of corporate investment. If anything, the controls are partly to blame for the overheated Korean stock market during 1986-88.Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Municipal Financial Management
Activity with age in 3 min intervals in the 15 min Open Field test.
No full text<p>Horizontal, vertical and fine activity as well as total activity in the center of the arena, of mice at 6, 12, 16 and 20 months old. These results come from the experiments shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070249#pone-0070249-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> but expressed in 3 min intervals. Data are means ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, with Welch’s t test within two values of the graph, MANOVA test analysis with “genotype” and “intervals” as factors when considering the genotype effect.</p
Opnet simulation of future cellular systems
No full text83 p.From the first generation wireless mobile communication systems that deployed analogue technology in the early eighties, to the subsequent second generation systems in nineties, which uses digital communication techniques and the third generation wireless systems that introduced recently in world markets, the rapid change in the wireless communication systems is evident. Advanced technology is used to increase system capacity to accommodate the increased in subscribers number and to enhance higher data rate to allow users to transmit and receive more information.Master of Science (Communications Engineering
Spin coating of Silver Nanoparticles and Silicon quantum dots for enhanced down conversion efficiency
No full textThe commercial efficiency of a c-Si solar cell is ~18% although the thermodynamic limit is ~95%. This indicates a good scope for improvements. The major loss mechanism in a solar cell is spectral mismatch which is contributed to by non-absorption of low energy photons and thermalization of high energy photons. In this thesis, it is sought to reduce the loss that occurs through thermalization of high energy photons. For this purpose, the concept of down conversion is used. Silicon being relevant to the semiconductor industry, being abundant in nature and having been proved to exhibit down conversion in the form of spherical particles in the nm size range through space separated quantum cutting is opted. However, the down conversion efficiency of these is low owing to their indirect bandgap which leads to higher absorption within the material than enhancement in the number of photons through down conversion. In order to reduce the absorption within the material, it is sought to enhance the rate of radiative decay through the use of plasmonics exhibited by metal nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are used for our purpose as they exhibit resonance in the visible region of the spectrum and have the lowest absorption among different plasmonic materials. The silicon nanoparticles (quantum dots) powders are fabricated through the expanding thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition route while the silver nanoparticles fabricated through wet chemical synthesis are purchased from the market as powders. The silver nanoparticles are also deposited as metal island films in-house. Optimal deposition parameters for the deposition of quantum dots are arrived upon by depositing samples using different parameters and analyzing the results. A configuration for the down conversion layer is arrived upon based on simulations and analysis of design. The powders are then dispersed in ethanol for the purpose of spin coating. The dispersions are then spin coated on glass substrates. The quantum dot dispersion is also spin coated onto the metal island film substrate as per the chosen configuration. The silver nanoparticle samples are analyzed for plasmonic behavior, quantum dots for their absorption characteristics and the combination for enhancement in transmission through down conversion from their reflection and transmission spectra. To confirm the interaction between the silver nanoparticles and quantum dots, the enhancement in the photoluminescence spectra is checked. From the results, it is observed that there is agglomeration in the spin coated silver nanoparticles resulting in a loss of plasmonic behavior. The quantum dots are also agglomerated due to which an enhancement in the transmission spectra was not observed. However, the interaction between the quantum dots and the silver nanoparticles could be observed through the enhanced photoluminescence of the quantum dots. The enhancement is found to vary from 9 folds to about 50 folds which are high compared to similar results in the literature. Keeping in mind that this down conversion layer has not yet been optimized, even higher enhancements may be possible. This indicates the potential for the combination of silicon quantum dots and silver nanoparticles for application in solar cell down conversion layers.Sustainable Energy TechnologyElectrical Sustainable EnergyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Multi-Rate LDPC Decoder for IEEE 802.16e
No full textBecause of its excellent bit-error-rate performance, the Low-Density Parity-
Check (LDPC) Code was adopted in standards of IEEE 802.16e (Metropoli-
tan Area Network). The IEEE 802.16e LDPC code currently consists of six
di®erent code classes spanning four di®erent code rates (1/2, 2/3, 3/4 and
5/6) and support variable code length. In this thesis, we present a multi-
rate LDPC decoder architecture for IEEE 802.16e. Our overlapping schedule
can improve the latency of the block-serial layered decoder architecture by
1.7x-2.7x, with a small hardware requirements. The proposed architecture
adopts layer decoding algorithm with scaling min-sum approximation and
utilizes value-reuse property of min-sum approximation to save memory re-
quirement of LDPC decoder. The decoding throughput of the decoder can
achieve 500Mbps.Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Irregualr LDPC Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Structure LDPC Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Quasi-cyclic LDPC Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.2 LDPC Codes for WiMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 LDPC Decoding Algorithm 14
2.1 LDPC Decoding Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.1 Sum-Product Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.2 Layer Decoding Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 Min-Sum Apprxoimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.1 Min-Sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.2 O®set Min-Sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.3 Scaling Min-Sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.4 Value-Reuse Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 Software Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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2.3.1 Double Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3.2 Finite Word Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3 Multi-Rate LDPC Decoder Architecture 29
3.1 An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2 Memory Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.1 Channel Information Memory Banks . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.2 Check Information Magnitude Memory Banks . . . . . 31
3.2.3 Check Information Sign Bit Memory Bank . . . . . . . 32
3.2.4 Bit Information Memory Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.5 Permutation Rom Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.6 Channel Information Access Order Rom Bank . . . . . 33
3.3 Process Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.1 Rotator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3.2 Get Bit Information Unit Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.3.3 Serial Processing Unit Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3.4 Get Channel Information Unit Bank . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3.5 Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.4 Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4.1 Original Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4.2 After Rearrange Memory Access Order . . . . . . . . . 40
4 Implementation Results 47
4.1 Hardware Development Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1.1 FPGA Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1.2 Altra Quarts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
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4.1.3 Altera NIOS II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.2 Design Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3 Veri‾ed Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5 Conclusion and Future Work 57
5.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
In vivo demonstration of a novel non-invasive model for inducing localized hypothermia to ameliorate hepatotoxicity
No full text10.1038/s41598-021-98078-6SCIENTIFIC REPORTS11
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