1,720,955 research outputs found
COVID-19-related stress in Italy: a comparison between patients with mental disorders and the general population.
No full textIntroduction: Following the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, some people have been experiencing severe mental health consequences related to pandemic stress, fear of contagion, lockdown, and measures to avoid contagion and virus spread. These aspects contributed to an increase in anxious-depressive symptoms in the general population (Asmundson et al. J Anx Dis 2020; 70 102196).
Objectives: The study aims at verifying the hypothesis that Italian patients with a diagnosis of a mental disorder showed more severe depressive, anxiety and stress-related symptoms compared to the general Italian population in the context of the current pandemic.
Methods: Nine hundred sixty-one volunteer subjects (542 females, 415 males; mean age 39.42, SD = 14.5) completed the Covid-Stress-Scale (CSS) (Taylor et al. J Anx Dis 2020; 72 102232) and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) (Bottesi et al. Compr Psych 2015; 60 170-81) through a self-report survey. Participants have been assessed for between-group differences through the chi-square test for categoric variables and one-way ANOVA for continuous variables.
Results: One hundred and thirty subjects (13.53% of the whole sample) reported a diagnosis of a mental disorder for which they received medications. Among these subjects, 47.8% reported a diagnosis of anxiety disorder, 29% major depressive disorder, 2.7% bipolar disorder, and 20.4% other mental disorders. Among patients, there was a prevalence of females (chi-square = 15.84; p < 0.001), more severe depressive (F = 34.25; p < 0.001), anxiety (F = 46.15; p < 0.001), and stress-related symptoms (F = 39.38; p < 0.001) at the DASS-21 scale. The patient group also showed a tendency to more severe traumatic stress related to the pandemic (F = 3.64; p = 0.057) at factor IV of the CSS, without significant differences in the other factors of the CSS.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is partially confirmed, considering that patients showed more severe depressive, anxiety and stress-related symptoms and a tendency to more severe pandemic traumatic stress. Nevertheless, in all other pandemic-related symptoms we analyzed (i.e., xenophobia, increase of medical assessments, fear of contagion), there were no differences between the group of patients and the general population. In this sense, in the current scenario in Italy, symptoms directly related to pandemic stress are almost the same in both the general population and patients with mental disorders
Neurobiology of Aggression and Violence
No full textResearch has led to the conceptualization of various qualitatively different forms of human aggression, such as the so-called impulsive/defensive/affective aggression and non-impulsive/premeditated/offensive/predatory aggression. A growing amount of data is providing insight into the biological underpinnings of aggressiveness: at the molecular level, several mediators have been linked to such dimension, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, vasopressin, oxytocin, opiates, cytokines, testosterone, and cortisol, while at the brain circuitry level, aggressive behaviour is thought to result from impaired complex relationships between cortical and sub-cortical structures. In the present chapter, an overview of the evidence related to clinical, genetic, molecular, and physiological characteristic associated with aggression is provided
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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