1,721,496 research outputs found
How Does Rising Rural Population Density Affect Smallholder Agriculture? Milu Muyanga
No full textPolicy Seminar “Boserup and Beyond Mounting Land Pressures & Development Strategies in Africa” at IFPRI on 4 September 2014. Presentation by Milu Muyanga, Assistant Professor, International Development Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University
New radiocarbon dates for Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) sub-fossils from southeast China
No full textMilu (Elaphurus davidianus, Pere David's deer) is one of the few species of large mammals that became extinct in the wild, but survived domestically. A good understanding of expansion and habitat is required if the reintroduction of Milu into the wild is to be implemented. Among the widely reported findings of Milu sub-fossils, only a small fraction have been dated. Here we report new AMS radiocarbon dates on Milu sub-fossil samples unearthed from two sites at Qingdun, Jiangsu and Fujiashan, Zhejiang in southeast China. These AMS C-14 ages of Milu sub-fossils provide new evidence for the presence of Milu expansion in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the Holocene Optimum interval from 5000 yr BC to 3000 yr BC. These new ages also have important implications for the reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleo-geography during the Neolithic Period in southeast China. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000313234300121&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Instruments & InstrumentationNuclear Science & TechnologyPhysics, Atomic, Molecular & ChemicalPhysics, NuclearSCI(E)EICPCI-S(ISTP)
Genetic diversity of Trichomonads from Milu deer (
No full textThe Milu deer, or Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), a rare endemic species in China, represents a case of successful reintroduction of a species previously considered extinct in the wild. Trichomonads, protozoan symbionts capable of infecting vertebrates, are transmitted via the fecal-oral route; they are a subgroup of Parabasalia and include some pathogenic species that pose zoonotic risks. Until now, data on the diversity and prevalence of trichomonads in Chinese Milu deer have not been reported. To better understand the colonization status of trichomonads, fecal samples from 112 Milu deer across five nature reserves in China were collected. The ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2 sequences were amplified using PCR to investigate the colonization rate of trichomonads and to assess evolutionary relationships and genetic characteristics through phylogenetic analysis. An occurrence of 38.39% was recorded in Milu deer, with sample collection sites (OR = 55.159, 95% CI = 3.166–961.113, p = 0.006), high relative humidity and average annual rainfall (OR = 11.675, 95% CI = 1.747–77.781, p = 0.011) identified as significant risk factors for trichomonads colonization. Undescribed trichomonads from four genera were identified, including Simplicimonas spp., Hypotrichomonas spp., Hexamastix spp., and Tetratrichomonas spp. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on trichomonads in Milu deer in China. This study aims to enhance understanding of trichomonad colonization and associated risk factors, providing scientific guidance for the ex-situ conservation of Milu deer
MILU-CG method and the numerical study on the flow around a rotating circular cylinder
No full textA hybrid finite difference method and vortex method (HDV), which is based on domain decomposition and proposed by the authors (1992), is improved by using a modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient method (MILU-CG), and a high order implicit difference algorithm. The flow around a rotating circular cylinder at Reynolds number R-e = 1000, 200 and the angular to rectilinear speed ratio alpha is an element of (0.5, 3.25) is studied numerically. The long-time full developed features about the variations of the vortex patterns in the wake, and drag, lift forces on the cylinder are given. The calculated streamline contours agreed well with the experimental visualized flow pictures. The existence of critical states and the vortex patterns at the states are given for the first time. The maximum lift to drag force ratio can be obtained nearby the critical states
Mit Milu ohrwärts. Hörportfolio für die 1. bis 3. Klasse
No full textDas Lehrmittel «Mit Milu ohrwärts» kann ab Mitte der 1. bis in die 3. Klasse als Ergänzung zu sämtlichen Sprachlehrmitteln verwendet werden und macht den weitgehend unsichtbaren Prozess des Hörens beobachtbar und beurteilbar. Da alle Aufgaben und Erklärungen gehört werden, sind die Lese- und Schreibkompetenzen der Kinder nicht relevant. Der Zugang zu den Audiodateien erfolgt über QR-Codes. Neben der Wahrnehmung von Geräuschen und Lauten sowie dem verbalen Hörverstehen wird auch das Verstehen der Prosodie miteinbezogen.
«Mit Milu ohrwärts» besteht aus vierzig Zuhöraufgaben, drei Selbsteinschätzungen und einer Kompetenzerhebung. Das Lehrmittel ist für offene Unterrichtsformen geeignet und begleitet die Kinder über mehrere Monate und Klassenstufen. Die Kinder arbeiten selbstständig und im eigenen Tempo in ihrem persönlichen Hörportfolio. Der Kater Milu begleitet sie dabei und gibt ihnen Tipps und Hilfestellungen. Die Illustrationen im Heft unterstützen zudem den Wortschatzaufbau.
Die Kinder lösen die Aufgaben, indem sie Bilder ankreuzen, verbinden, umkreisen oder wahlweise die Lösung zeichnen, aufschreiben oder eigene Sprachaufnahmen machen.https://hoerkompetenz.ch/mit-milu-ohrwaerts
Genetic diversity of Trichomonads from Milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China
No full textThe Milu deer, or Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus), a rare endemic species in China, represents a case of successful reintroduction of a species previously considered extinct in the wild. Trichomonads, protozoan symbionts capable of infecting vertebrates, are transmitted via the fecal-oral route; they are a subgroup of Parabasalia and include some pathogenic species that pose zoonotic risks. Until now, data on the diversity and prevalence of trichomonads in Chinese Milu deer have not been reported. To better understand the colonization status of trichomonads, fecal samples from 112 Milu deer across five nature reserves in China were collected. The ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2 sequences were amplified using PCR to investigate the colonization rate of trichomonads and to assess evolutionary relationships and genetic characteristics through phylogenetic analysis. An occurrence of 38.39% was recorded in Milu deer, with sample collection sites (OR = 55.159, 95% CI = 3.166–961.113, p = 0.006), high relative humidity and average annual rainfall (OR = 11.675, 95% CI = 1.747–77.781, p = 0.011) identified as significant risk factors for trichomonads colonization. Undescribed trichomonads from four genera were identified, including Simplicimonas spp., Hypotrichomonas spp., Hexamastix spp., and Tetratrichomonas spp. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on trichomonads in Milu deer in China. This study aims to enhance understanding of trichomonad colonization and associated risk factors, providing scientific guidance for the ex-situ conservation of Milu deer
"Stepping-stones and dispersal flow: establishment of a meta-population of Milu, (Elaphurus davidianus) through natural re-wilding"
No full textThe Milu (Père David’s deer, Elaphurus davidianus) became extinct in China in the early 20th century but was reintroduced to the country. The reintroduced Milu escaped from a nature reserve and dispersed to the south of the Yangtze River. We monitored these accidentally escaped Milu from 1995 to 2012. The escaped Milu searched for vacant habitat patches as “stepping stones” and established refuge populations. We recorded 122 dispersal events of the escaped Milu. Most dispersal events occurred in 1998, 2003, 2006 and 2010. Milu normally disperse in March, July and November. Average dispersal distance was 14.08 ± 9.03 km, with 91.41% shorter than 25 km. After 5 generations, by the end of 2012, 300 wild Milu were scattered in refuge populations in the eastern and southern edges of the Dongting Lake. We suggest that population density is the ultimate cause for Milu dispersal, whereas floods and human disturbance are proximate causes. The case of the Milu shows that accidentally escaped animals can establish viable populations; however, the dispersed animals were subject to chance in finding “stepping stones”. The re-wilded Milu persist as a meta-population with sub-populations linked by dispersals through marginal habitats in an anthropogenic landscape
MILU: A Customizable, Runtime-Optimized Higher Order Mutation Testing Tool for the Full C Language
No full textThis paper introduces MILU, a C mutation testing tool designed for both first order and higher order mutation testing. All previous mutation testing tools apply all possible mutation operators to the program under test. By contrast, MILU allows customization of the set of mutation operators to be applied. To reduce runtime cost, MILU uses a novel 'test harness' technique to embed mutants and their associated test sets into a single-invocation procedure
Construction and characterization of immortalized skin fibroblasts from milu deer
No full textSomatic cell preservation is an effective strategy for conserving the genetic potential of endangered species. To contribute to the conservation of the Milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus), this study aimed to establish and characterize an immortalized skin fibroblast cell line (ML-iSFC). The cell line is based on fibroblasts from the skin tissue of a male fawn of Milu deer. Optimal culture conditions were determined by supplementing the culture medium with different growth factors, and immortalization was achieved through simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40T) transduction. Optimal culturing conditions for the cells were determined by adding a range of growth factors. The cellular morphology, growth characteristics, and marker expression of the cells were further evaluated. Cell cycle and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays, respectively. Chromosomes were determined by karyotype analysis. The highest cell growth rate was observed when the culture medium was supplemented with 3 ng/mL of FGF2. The fibroblast-specific marker vimentin (VIM) was expressed in both ML-SFC and ML-iSFC, while the epithelial marker keratin 18 (KRT18) was weakly expressed in ML-SFC cells. Cell proliferation and cell-cycle analysis revealed that ML-iSFC exhibited a higher growth rate and greater vitality compared to ML-SFC. Karyotype analysis showed that ML-iSFC maintained the same chromosome number and morphology as ML-SFC. In summary, this study reports the successful construction of an immortalized fibroblast cell line from Milu deer, which will serve as a valuable tool for Milu deer conservation
An efficient MILU preconditioning for solving the 2D Poisson equation with Neumann boundary condition
No full textMILU preconditioning is known to be the optimal one among all the ILU-type preconditionings in solving the Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary condition. It is optimal in the sense that it reduces the condition number from O (h(-2)), which can be obtained from other ILU-type preconditioners, to O (h(-1)). However, with Neumann boundary condition, the conventional MILU cannot be used since it is not invertible, and some MILU preconditionings achieved the order O (h(-1)) only in rectangular domains. In this article, we consider a standard finite volume method for solving the Poisson equation with Neumann boundary condition in general smooth domains, and introduce a new and efficient MILU preconditioning for the method in two dimensional general smooth domains. Our new MILU preconditioning achieved the order O (h(-1)) in all our empirical tests. In addition, in a circular domain with a fine grid, the CG method preconditioned with the proposed MILU runs about two times faster than the CG with ILU. (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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