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PICTURE PERFECT: Perfectionistic Self- Presentation, Instagram Intrusion and Body Satisfaction in Young Women
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Like for Like: The Effect of Idealised Instagram Photos on the Body Satisfaction of Young Girls
Get PDFBackground: Previous research has reported that idealised photos on Instagram negatively affect the body satisfaction of teenage girls, and that social comparison tendencies mediate this effect. However, the previous research has many methodological limitations which need to be addressed. Furthermore, little research has explored this effect in younger girls.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate how social comparison tendencies predict changes in the body satisfaction of young girls, and how exposure to edited and unedited photos influence this relationship.
Methods: An experimental multi regressional design was used for this study, to improve upon the methodological flaws of previous research. Opportunity sampling recruited 63 female participants aged 8-12 years, who completed measures of social comparison tendencies and body satisfaction. Participants were then exposed to edited or unedited Instagram photos and completed the measure of body satisfaction for a second time.
Results: The main findings were that social comparison tendencies did not significantly predict changes in body satisfaction, and exposure to edited/unedited photos did not influence this relationship.
Conclusions: Potential implications include improving education for pre-teens regarding photo retouching on Instagram, in order to reduce the negative effects of exposure to these images, during teenage years. Future research ideas include exploring a critical period during the transition from childhood to adolescence, in which girls may become more vulnerable to the effects of viewing idealised Instagram photos, due to a change in the frequency or nature of social comparisons during this critical period
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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