186,240 research outputs found
Working it out: balancing work and care after the birth of a first child
No full textWomen in contemporary western economies have more options and more pressures to combine work with family responsibilities in the early years of motherhood. This chapter examines how these options are exercised as women make decisions about re-entry to the workforce following the birth of their first child. We present an analysis of data from a cohort of Australian women. The data were tracked longitudinally from pregnancy until their first child was 18 months old to identify patterns of approach and salient factors of influence as they negotiate the dual challenges of re-entry to the workforce and finding acceptable childcare. Mothers’ work intentions were mapped against actual return behaviour with return assessed at 6, 12 and 18 months after the birth of their child. Early returns were associated with jobs that offered less provision for maternity leave and availability of familiar trustworthy childcare. All mothers had high satisfaction levels with motherhood and their mothering role. However, working and non-working mothers rated the costs and benefits of maternal employment differently. Working mothers were more likely to see maternal employment as increasingly beneficial and less costly across the first 18 months of their child’s life. Each generation of parents faces different challenges in finding the balance between work and care. In this contemporary sample of mothers, the majority returned to work and adapted to the new reality of work options, which were somewhat different from their pre-parenthood ideals
Age and Experience: A Comparison of Work and Family Demands Across the Lifespan
No full textThis chapter explores the effects of work and family roles amongst employed Australian women employees, who varied by age (young to adult) and presence (or not) of children. The women were employed mostly in full-time, permanent jobs, although a third of mothers of the youngest children had part-time positions. Despite the differences in working hours, the women reported similar working conditions and levels of satisfaction with their jobs and family lives. Work-life balance was also similar for the women, even for busy mothers of young children, who had more negative family-to-work spillover, and busy mothers of primary school-aged children, who had higher levels of negative work-to-family spillover. For the latter, this may reflect the challenges of returning to full-time working hours whilst caring for children who were not yet independent. Surprisingly, the higher occupational role salience of younger women without children was associated with more emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Mothers of adult children showed the most robust, positive outcomes, with greater work engagement and less burnout than women without children, than mothers of primary school children, and less negative spillover between roles. Whilst younger children made mothers busier and increased negative spillover, mothers of older children benefited from their experiences and had gained competence and engagement in work in later life
Mastery or Misery: Conflict Between Separated Parents a Psychological Burden for Children
No full textThis qualitative research examined parenting, parental conflict, and parent–child relationships following separation in the context of Australian government reform in 2006 and subsequent changes to the Family Law Act (1975). Participants were English-speaking men and women, age 16 to 27 years. The research was guided by attachment theory and social conflict theory, and embedded in grounded theory. The Cooperative Competitive Parental Conflict model emerged from the data. Two factors moderated the parent–child relationship: emotional security and responsive parenting. The research found it was not parental conflict, but how parental conflict was handled, that created the psychological burden for a child
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reflections and Insights on an Innovative Australian Perpetrator Intervention Program for Males and Females who Perpetrate Family Violence
No full textThis article presents qualitative reflections and insights from an evaluative research project on an innovative Australian program for male and female perpetrators of family violence. The study was guided by the Effects, Mechanisms, Moderators, Implementation, and Economic value (EMMIE) framework, with thematic analysis undertaken on the interviews of male and female perpetrators (N = 7), program facilitators (N = 6), and family members (N = 3). Potential gendered differences identified in the lived experience of male and female perpetrators were, first, the level of emotional expression and communication and, second, the level of self-reflection and insight. Despite these potential differences, both male and female perpetrators experienced the implementation of change to attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors relating to family violence as challenging.No Full Tex
Introduction: key issues on women who work
No full textThe concept of gender can be very prescriptive in outlining the pathways of a person’s life and can influence the distribution of roles that they occupy, through gender role stereotypes and societal expectations. More recent research about women and their work and family roles has shown that gender is a more fluid and dynamic construct than one based on reproductive ability or identity. The resources that women have available to them impact on their well-being in all facets of their lives and influence the balance that can be achieved between work and non-work activities. This volume explores women’s experiences in many diverse settings and economic situations, as they negotiate between work and non-work activities. The chapters include refugee women in Jordon and mid-level executives in Bangladesh, women employed part-time and as academics in the UK, women executives experiencing the ‘glass cliff’, and explore work-life balance and the challenges for mothers of very young children and adolescents. Finally, the effects of physiology on working women are explored through menstruation and menopause. In each chapter, women have shown agency in shaping their own lives and are resourceful in how they manage the challenges that they face
The Relevance of Menopause to the Occupational Safety and Health of Employed Women
No full textThere are increasing numbers of older women in the workforce, for whom menopause, a natural part of their life cycle, is especially relevant during this time. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other treatments have improved many women’s lives, there has been less consideration of menopause as an occupational safety and health (OSH) issue and as a work-related stressor. Menopause could have poor mental and physical health consequences, with one consequence, depression, generally linked to poorer interpersonal relationships with colleagues and decreased work satisfaction and performance. A large sample of employed women in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) completed an online survey that measured personal resources, workplace conditions, and how well women believed their workplace responded to menopausal symptoms, in addition to their mental health, well-being and performance at work. Whilst a poorer experience of menopause was linked to poor mental health; personal resources and better workplace conditions acted as buffers for menopause, and improved job and life satisfaction and work performance. Identifying the risks in the workplace that either increased the demands on the women (e.g., an inflexible environment) or reduced the resources (e.g., less autonomy and social support) available to them during menopause, highlighted their OSH concerns and provided suggestions to reduce any negative impacts these may have on women in the workplace
- …
