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Grammatical case in Estonian
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that standard approaches to grammatical case fail to
provide an explanatory account of such cases in Estonian. In Estonian, grammatical
cases form a complex system of semantic contrasts, with the case-marking on nouns
alternating with each other in certain constructions, even though the apparent
grammatical functions of the noun phrases themselves are not changed. This thesis
demonstrates that such alternations, and the differences in interpretation which they
induce, are context dependent. This means that the semantic contrasts which the
alternating grammatical cases express are available in some linguistic contexts and
not in others, being dependent, among other factors, on the semantics of the casemarked
noun and the semantics of the verb it occurs with. Hence, traditional
approaches which treat grammatical case as markers of syntactic dependencies and
account for associated semantic interpretations by matching cases directly to
semantics not only fall short in predicting the distribution of cases in Estonian but also
result in over-analysis due to the static nature of the theories which the standard
approach to case marking comprises.
On the basis of extensive data, it is argued that grammatical cases in Estonian have
underspecified semantic content that is not truth-conditional, but inferential, i.e. it
interacts with linguistic context and discourse. Inspired by the assumptions of
Relevance Theory (Wilson & Sperber 1993, 2002, 2004) and Dynamic Syntax (Cann
et al 2005), it is proposed that grammatical cases in Estonian provide procedural
information: instead of taking cases to encode grammatical relations directly, and
matching them to truth-conditional semantics, it is argued that it is more useful and
explanatory to construe case marking in Estonian as providing information on how to
process the case-marked expression and interpret it within an immediate discourse (or
sentence). This means that grammatical cases in Estonian are seen to encode a heavily
underspecified semantics which is enriched by pragmatic processes in context. In this
way, certain problematic constructions in Estonian, such as transitive clauses in which
the object is marked by either genitive or nominative, depending on number (often
referred to as the accusative in the relevant literature, e.g. Ackerman & Moore 1999, 2001; Hiietam 2003, 2004) and constructions in which the nominative occurs on the
object both with singular and plural nouns, are shown to have a unitary explanation
Differential case-marking:Syntactic descriptions and pragmatic explanations
No full textIn this paper, we argue for an approach to grammatical case that treats case-marking not as the passive realisation of other morpho-syntactic properties of a construction, but as bringing its own independent contribution to the construal of a clause, through inference over possibly underspecified semantic content of a case-marker in context. We take as case studies two instances of Differential Case-Marking: the partitive alternation in Estonian and differential uses of the marker ko in Hindi/Urdu. For Estonian, it is argued that the partitive case is semantically partitive even in alternation in grammatical contexts with nominative and genitive. From this assumption, we derive the various construals of the partitive as indicating indefinite quantity or imperfective aspect and show how other uses of the case, including after negation, may be traced to the basic partitive interpretation. We also argue that the completive interpretations of nominative and genitive derive from contrast with the partitive reading, rather than as being encoded in the case marking itself. With Hindi/Urdu ‘dative’ maker ko, we argue how pragmatic inference can operate also over grammatical levels to explain the uses of the marker with human direct objects, to specify definiteness of inanimate direct objects and, in alternation with ergative ne, deontic modality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Data for "A corpus study of grammatical case forms in written and spoken Estonian: Frequency, distribution and grammatical role"
No full textThis dataset makes available the sample of clauses used in the study "A corpus study of grammatical case forms in written and spoken Estonian: Frequency, distribution and grammatical role". It includes 751 clauses from the fiction subcorpus of the University of Tartu’s Balanced Corpus of Written Estonian (cl.ut.ee/korpused) and 758 clauses from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian, maintained by the University of Tartu’s research group of Spoken Estonian (not publicly available at the time of publication). The spoken language selection derives from a subset of everyday (face-to-face and telephone) conversations. The dataset includes both the randomly selected clauses and manual coding, described in the paper
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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