1,721,141 research outputs found
The putative role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases in autoimmunity: Insights from genomic-wide association studies.
No full textAutoimmune diseases represent a heterogeneous group of conditions whose incidence is increasing worldwide. This has stimulated studies on their etiopathogenesis, derived from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, aimed at finally improving prevention and treatment of these diseases. In the autoimmune process, immune responses are generated against self antigens presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. These peptide/MHC class I complexes are generated and assembled through MHC class I antigen processing and presentation machinery. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 display distinct trimming activity before antigenic peptides are loaded onto MHC class I molecules. The advent of new tools such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has provided evidence for new susceptibility loci and candidate genes playing a role in the autoimmune process for the recognized immune function of their transcripts. Genetic linkage has been discovered with MHC antigens and various autoimmune conditions. Recent GWAS showed the importance of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in several autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease. In this review, we first provide a general overview of ERAP1 and ERAP2 genes, their biological functions and their relevancy in autoimmunity. We then discuss the importance of GWAS and the case-control studies that confirm the relevancy of ERAP single-nucleotide polymorphism associations and their linkage with particular MHC class I haplotypes, supporting a putative functional role in the autoimmune process
The putative role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases in autoimmunity: Insights from genomic-wide association studies
No full textAutoimmune diseases represent a heterogeneous group of conditions whose incidence is increasing worldwide. This has stimulated studies on their etiopathogenesis, derived from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, aimed at finally improving prevention and treatment of these diseases. In the autoimmune process, immune responses are generated against self antigens presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I on the cell surface. These peptide/MHC class I complexes are generated and assembled through MHC class I antigen processing and presentation machinery. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2 display distinct trimming activity before antigenic peptides are loaded onto MHC class I molecules. The advent of new tools such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has provided evidence for new susceptibility loci and candidate genes playing a role in the autoimmune process for the recognized immune function of their transcripts. Genetic linkage has been discovered with MHC antigens and various autoimmune conditions. Recent GWAS showed the importance of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in several autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease. In this review, we first provide a general overview of ERAP1 and ERAP2 genes, their biological functions and their relevancy in autoimmunity. We then discuss the importance of GWAS and the case-control studies that confirm the relevancy of ERAP single-nucleotide polymorphism associations and their linkage with particular MHC class I haplotypes, supporting a putative functional role in the autoimmune process. © 2012 Elsevier B.V
Valutazioni sulla presenza di cromo nel latte vaccino e ovino
No full textÈ stata eseguita la ricerca del Cromo nel latte
vaccino ed ovino prodotto in Puglia, al fine
di verificare una eventuale somministrazione
volontaria di cromo, (come integratore dei
mangimi per il miglioramento delle produzioni.
I dati ottenuti hanno evidenziato in alcuni
campioni di latte sia vaccino che ovino,
concentrazioni elevate di cromo e gli AA.,
pertanto, avanzano il sospetto di una probabile
presenza di cromo nei mangimi e sui pascoli
dovuta a contaminazione ambientale ed
evidenziano da un parte la necessità di stabilire
valori limite per la presenza di cromo nei
mangimi e nei foraggi, dall'altra l'opportunità che
l'U.E. indichi il limite di assunzione di cromo con
gli alimenti, che possa ritenersi sicuro per la salute
umana
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
È conveniente investire nella finanza sostenibile?
No full textIl presente lavoro ha lo scopo di evidenziare come, nel corso
dell’ultimo decennio, sia costantemente cresciuta l’attenzione degli investitori verso
i temi della sostenibilità. Gli investitori finanziari moderni ritengono un aspetto
fondamentale il curare costantemente la composizione del loro portafoglio, tanto
che, le molteplici opportunità di investimento offerte dai mercati sono quotidianamente
monitorate allo scopo di ottenere la combinazione ideale di rischio e rendimento,
in base alle caratteristiche dell’attore economico. In tale contesto, poiché le
possibilità di impiego dei fondi sono divenute sempre più variegate, la gestione del
rischio assume una importanza cruciale e il miglior metodo per evitare perdite superflue
consiste nella diversificazione. Essendo il rischio una componente imprescindibile
degli investimenti, un investitore accorto impiega i propri risparmi su più
classi di attività, per sfruttare l’andamento non perfettamente concorde dei prezzi:
minore è la correlazione tra i titoli, minore sarà l’effetto della rischiosità dei titoli,
singolarmente considerati, sul portafoglio. Sfruttando la diversificazione, infatti,
l’investitore dovrà preoccuparsi del solo rischio sistematico, cioè quello non eliminabile:
in base a questo potrà dunque stimare la propria remunerazione. Le diverse
tipologie di investimento si sono ampliate ulteriormente negli ultimi anni, grazie al
crescente interesse nei confronti della finanza sostenibile. Il presente lavoro intende
fornire un quadro sintetico dei punti di forza di tale settore, evidenziandone le caratteristiche
peculiari con riferimento a quello degli investimenti tradizionali mediante
una analisi condotta su dati a livello europeo
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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