1,721,171 research outputs found
Growing up in the city : a study of galaxy cluster progenitors at z>2
Full text linkGalaxy clusters are the densest large scale structures in the Universe. This makes them ideal laboratories for studying the effect of environment on the formation and evolution of galaxies. To truly understand the role of environment in galaxy evolution it is essential that galaxy clusters are studied across cosmic time, back to when the Universe was still relatively young and galaxy clusters were still in the process of formation. Finding these forming galaxy clusters (or protoclusters) in the early Universe is difficult. One of the ways to do this is by looking at the environment of high-z radio galaxies. These special, very massive galaxies are often at the centre of overdensities that are expected to grow into galaxy clusters. In this thesis I have studied these protoclusters in order to determine what the nature of these structures is and how they evolve and whether there is any indication of environmental in fluence on the protocluster galaxies at such early times. I have also attempted to identify new protoclusters for future research.NWOUBL - phd migration 201
A sharp view on the low-frequency radio sky
Full text linkThe study of cosmic large-scale structure formation benefits from radio observations, because it provides an unbiased view on the early Universe. Distant radio galaxies and diffuse cluster sources generally have a steep spectrum, which implies an increased brightness towards lower frequencies (below 300 MHz). The quality of low-frequency radio observations is compromised by the propagation effects on cosmic radio waves passing through the ionosphere. In this thesis, we present a calibration method for low-frequency radio interferometric observations. This method significantly improves the quality of radio maps from archival observations as compared to other existing calibration methods. The method was used to produce one of the deepest high-resolution surveys at 153 MHz to date, including the detection of 16 candidate distant radio galaxies. Furthermore, the method was used in a study of the diffuse radio sources in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2256. These observations support the theory of revival of old radio sources through cluster merger shock compression. Finally, we present a study of the cosmic large-scale structure near a radio galaxy in the early universe by using an optical selection technique for galaxies. The projected galaxy distribution appears to trace the cosmic structure during the assembly of galaxy clusters.UBL - phd migration 201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Emergence of cosmic structures around distant radio galaxies and quasars
Full text linkThis thesis presents observational evidence for the formation of galaxy clusters associated with distant radio galaxies and quasars.Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)UBL - phd migration 201
Radio emission from merging galaxy clusters : characterizing shocks, magnetic fields and particle acceleration
Full text linkIn this thesis an interferometric study of diffuse radio sources, so-called halos and relics, in and around galaxy clusters is performed. These sources are thought to trace shocks and turbulence generated by galaxy cluster merger events. GMRT, WSRT and VLA observations are analyzed to measure the spectral and polarimetric properties of the diffuse cluster emission. In addition, a search for new relics and halos is carried out based on existing radio surveys. Numerical simulations of cluster mergers are described, which have the aim of constraining the cluster mergers parameters from observations of double radio relics. The first LOFAR observation of cluster-scale diffuse radio emission is presented. LOFAR is a new pan-European radio telescope that operates at the lowest radio frequencies accessible from the surface of the Earth.UBL - phd migration 201
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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