1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rôle de l'environnement dans la dynamique spatiale des poissons marins à l'interface lagune-mer en Méditerranée française : approches d'écologie spatiale et d'écophysiologie appliquées à trois espèces côtières
No full textThe vast majority of living organisms move during their lives and at very different scales, from the foraging of bees to the emblematic migrations of humpback whales between the poles and the tropics. One of the major challenges for movement ecologists is to better understand the physiology behind these movements, which are often triggered by the environment. The heart is a vital organ whose activity can directly reflect physiological constraints imposed by the environment.This doctoral research, using a coupled approach of acoustic telemetry and experimental ecophysiology, sought to better understand the impact of the environment on the movements of three emblematic species of coastal marine fishes in the Gulf of Lion, the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and the salema Sarpa salpa. I studied theirs movements within their seasonal foraging ground in a coastal lagoon (Étang du Prévost) and their migrations from the lagoon to sea at different time scales. All three species were highly resident in the lagoon during the foraging season and all showed inter-annual fidelity to it, demonstrating the importance of lagoon environments in the life cycle of coastal fishes. Using cultured seabream, I developed a method to instrument them with archival (biologging) tags to measure their heart rate while free-swimming. I then demonstrated that measures of cardiac activity can evaluate impacts of environmental factors (warming, hypoxia) on seabream physiology, including tolerance thresholds. I then used this approach on wild seabream, to evaluate cardiac responses to temperature and determine their tolerance thresholds, as a basis to interpret movements in the wild. Temperature seemed to have little influence on patterns of lagoon space use by the seabream during the foraging season. Dominance analysis revealed, however, that temperature was the main trigger for refuge migrations to the sea during summer heat waves and was also the main factor defining when seabream could first recolonise the lagoon after winter at sea. Photoperiod, probably combined with temperature, appeared to be the main trigger for the departure of seabream from the lagoon in autumn, for their breeding migration, which seemed to be confirmed by their extreme synchronization. In general, temperatures that seabream experienced in the lagoon were well within their range of physiological tolerance. Cardiac responses to warming revealed, however, that 29°C was a relevant threshold of upper tolerance which seemed in close agreement with the summer heatwave temperatures that stimulated refuge migrations out to sea. However, no relevant threshold could be deduced from cardiac responses to cooling. Overall, the research demonstrated that a multidisciplinary approach holds much promise for understanding the drivers of movements of wild marine fishes.La très grande majorité des organismes vivants se déplacent au cours de leur vie et ce à des échelles spatio-temporelles très contrastées, du butinage des abeilles aux migrations emblématiques des baleines à bosses entre les tropiques et les pôles. L’un des grands défis des écologistes du mouvement reste encore aujourd’hui de mieux comprendre les relations entre physiologie et déplacement, souvent gouvernées par les variations environnementales. Le cœur est un organe vital dont les battements reflètent directement les variations physiologiques imposées par l’environnement.Ce travail de doctorat, par une approche couplée de télémétrie acoustique et d’écophysiologie expérimentale, cherche à mieux comprendre l’impact de l’environnement (1) sur les déplacements de trois espèces de poissons côtiers emblématiques du golfe du Lion, la daurade royale Sparus aurata, le loup Dicentrachus labrax et la saupe Sarpa salpa, au sein de leur site d’alimentation en milieu lagunaire ainsi que (2) sur leurs migrations vers la mer. Les résultats montrent que les trois modèles biologiques sont fortement résidents dans la lagune pendant la période d’alimentation et y sont fidèles inter-annuellement, confirmant ainsi l’importance du milieu lagunaire strict au sein de leur cycle de vie. Le développement d’une technique d’implantation de capteurs mesurant la fréquence cardiaque de daurades d’élevage en nage libre s’est révélé efficace pour déterminer des seuils de tolérance pertinents au réchauffement. Cette technique a été appliquée pour la première fois à des daurades sauvages afin de déterminer des seuils de tolérance à la baisse ou à la hausse de températures et de les relier aux mouvements observés en milieu naturel. Les conclusions sont que (1) la température semble avoir très peu d’influence sur l’utilisation de l’espace lagunaire des daurades en phase d’alimentation, mais (2) qu’elle est le principal déclencheur de migrations de refuge vers la mer durant les épisodes de forte chaleur et vraisemblablement le principal facteur empêchant les daurades d’hiverner au sein de la lagune. Enfin, (3) la photopériode, probablement en lien avec la température, apparait comme le principal déclencheur des départs en migrations de reproduction des daurades, ce que leur synchronisation de ces départs semble confirmer. L’étude des réponses cardiaques au réchauffement a montré que 29°C est un seuil de tolérance pertinent au réchauffement ce qui semble être en accord avec les températures initiant les migrations de refuge. En revanche, aucun seuil n’a pu être clairement identifié à partir de la réponse cardiaque au refroidissement.Plus généralement, cette étude démontre la pertinence d’une approche multidisciplinaire pour l’étude des mouvements
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Role of the environment in the spatial dynamics of marine fishes at the sea-lagoon interface in the French Mediterranean : spatial ecology and ecophysiology approaches applied to three coastal species
No full textLa très grande majorité des organismes vivants se déplacent au cours de leur vie et ce à des échelles spatio-temporelles très contrastées, du butinage des abeilles aux migrations emblématiques des baleines à bosses entre les tropiques et les pôles. L’un des grands défis des écologistes du mouvement reste encore aujourd’hui de mieux comprendre les relations entre physiologie et déplacement, souvent gouvernées par les variations environnementales. Le cœur est un organe vital dont les battements reflètent directement les variations physiologiques imposées par l’environnement.Ce travail de doctorat, par une approche couplée de télémétrie acoustique et d’écophysiologie expérimentale, cherche à mieux comprendre l’impact de l’environnement (1) sur les déplacements de trois espèces de poissons côtiers emblématiques du golfe du Lion, la daurade royale Sparus aurata, le loup Dicentrachus labrax et la saupe Sarpa salpa, au sein de leur site d’alimentation en milieu lagunaire ainsi que (2) sur leurs migrations vers la mer. Les résultats montrent que les trois modèles biologiques sont fortement résidents dans la lagune pendant la période d’alimentation et y sont fidèles inter-annuellement, confirmant ainsi l’importance du milieu lagunaire strict au sein de leur cycle de vie. Le développement d’une technique d’implantation de capteurs mesurant la fréquence cardiaque de daurades d’élevage en nage libre s’est révélé efficace pour déterminer des seuils de tolérance pertinents au réchauffement. Cette technique a été appliquée pour la première fois à des daurades sauvages afin de déterminer des seuils de tolérance à la baisse ou à la hausse de températures et de les relier aux mouvements observés en milieu naturel. Les conclusions sont que (1) la température semble avoir très peu d’influence sur l’utilisation de l’espace lagunaire des daurades en phase d’alimentation, mais (2) qu’elle est le principal déclencheur de migrations de refuge vers la mer durant les épisodes de forte chaleur et vraisemblablement le principal facteur empêchant les daurades d’hiverner au sein de la lagune. Enfin, (3) la photopériode, probablement en lien avec la température, apparait comme le principal déclencheur des départs en migrations de reproduction des daurades, ce que leur synchronisation de ces départs semble confirmer. L’étude des réponses cardiaques au réchauffement a montré que 29°C est un seuil de tolérance pertinent au réchauffement ce qui semble être en accord avec les températures initiant les migrations de refuge. En revanche, aucun seuil n’a pu être clairement identifié à partir de la réponse cardiaque au refroidissement.Plus généralement, cette étude démontre la pertinence d’une approche multidisciplinaire pour l’étude des mouvements.The vast majority of living organisms move during their lives and at very different scales, from the foraging of bees to the emblematic migrations of humpback whales between the poles and the tropics. One of the major challenges for movement ecologists is to better understand the physiology behind these movements, which are often triggered by the environment. The heart is a vital organ whose activity can directly reflect physiological constraints imposed by the environment.This doctoral research, using a coupled approach of acoustic telemetry and experimental ecophysiology, sought to better understand the impact of the environment on the movements of three emblematic species of coastal marine fishes in the Gulf of Lion, the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and the salema Sarpa salpa. I studied theirs movements within their seasonal foraging ground in a coastal lagoon (Étang du Prévost) and their migrations from the lagoon to sea at different time scales. All three species were highly resident in the lagoon during the foraging season and all showed inter-annual fidelity to it, demonstrating the importance of lagoon environments in the life cycle of coastal fishes. Using cultured seabream, I developed a method to instrument them with archival (biologging) tags to measure their heart rate while free-swimming. I then demonstrated that measures of cardiac activity can evaluate impacts of environmental factors (warming, hypoxia) on seabream physiology, including tolerance thresholds. I then used this approach on wild seabream, to evaluate cardiac responses to temperature and determine their tolerance thresholds, as a basis to interpret movements in the wild. Temperature seemed to have little influence on patterns of lagoon space use by the seabream during the foraging season. Dominance analysis revealed, however, that temperature was the main trigger for refuge migrations to the sea during summer heat waves and was also the main factor defining when seabream could first recolonise the lagoon after winter at sea. Photoperiod, probably combined with temperature, appeared to be the main trigger for the departure of seabream from the lagoon in autumn, for their breeding migration, which seemed to be confirmed by their extreme synchronization. In general, temperatures that seabream experienced in the lagoon were well within their range of physiological tolerance. Cardiac responses to warming revealed, however, that 29°C was a relevant threshold of upper tolerance which seemed in close agreement with the summer heatwave temperatures that stimulated refuge migrations out to sea. However, no relevant threshold could be deduced from cardiac responses to cooling. Overall, the research demonstrated that a multidisciplinary approach holds much promise for understanding the drivers of movements of wild marine fishes
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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