1,721,000 research outputs found
Emotional and behavioural resilience to multiple risk exposure in early life: the role of parenting
No full textEcological and transactional theories link child outcomes to neighbourhood disadvantage, family poverty and adverse life events. Traditionally, these three types of risk factors have been examined independently of one another or combined into one cumulative risk index. The first approach results in poor prediction of child outcomes, and the second is not well rooted in ecological theory as it does not consider that distal risk factors (such as poverty) may indirectly impact children through proximal risk factors (such as adverse life events). In this study, we modelled simultaneously the longitudinal effects of these three risk factors on children’s internalising and externalising problems, exploring the role of parenting in moderating these effects. Our sample followed 16,916 children (at ages 3, 5 and 7 years; N = 16,916; 49 % girls) from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Parenting was characterised by quality of parent–child relationship, parental involvement in learning and parental discipline. Neighbourhood disadvantage, family poverty and adverse events were all simultaneously related to the trajectories of both outcomes. As expected, parenting moderated risk effects. Positive parent–child relationship, rather than greater involvement or authoritative discipline, most consistently ‘buffered’ risk effects. These findings suggest that a good parent–child relationship may promote young children’s emotional and behavioural resilience to different types of environmental risk
Paternal psychological distress and child emotional, behavioural, and cognitive outcomes: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Full text linkBackground: Recent research studies indicate that fathers’ psychological distress affects child emotional, behavioural, and cognitive development. Parenting practices are suggested to account for these pathways. Despite the increasing understanding of the role of paternal psychological distress, important questions remain, especially in relation to adolescent outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to explore further the relationship between paternal psychological distress and child development, from early childhood to adolescence.
Methods: The thesis utilizes secondary data from the Millennium Cohort Study. It involves three research aims: i) Using cross-lagged models, to investigate the bi-directional associations between fathers’ psychological distress and child emotional and behavioural difficulties, across child ages 3-14; ii) Through group-based trajectory modelling, to identify trajectories of paternal psychological distress across ages 3-11 and subsequently, using regression modelling, to examine how these trajectories are linked to offspring cognitive functioning at age 11; iii) Finally, through path analysis, to assess if fathers’ psychological distress at child ages 3, 7, and 11, predicts offspring engagement in health risk behaviours (smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, and sexual activity) at age 14.
Results: Findings show that paternal psychological distress predicts child emotional and behavioural difficulties, and that child difficulties also predict paternal psychological distress, though to a less extent. Moreover, reciprocal interactions occur between fathers’ distress and offspring peer difficulties, across ages 11 and 14. Additionally, when it comes to cognitive functioning, paternal psychological distress is associated with less impulsive decision-making. Last, some evidence emerged that, for intact families, fathers’ distress is linked to a decreased likelihood of adolescent alcohol and binge drinking.
Conclusions: This thesis shows that paternal psychological distress influences child outcomes. Clinical and policy implications arise, as results suggest that promoting the mental well-being of fathers can be beneficial for child development
Parent and child perspectives of mindful parenting in the UK and Turkey: associations with psychological adjustment and wellbeing
Full text linkMindful parenting is a burgeoning research interest, but there are still significant gaps in the literature. This PhD thesis addressed these gaps by first conducting a systematic narrative review to conceptualise a Process of the Mindful Parenting Model. Results indicated that mindful parenting might be multiply determined by characteristics of parents, children, family social environment, and parenting stress, but child perspectives on mindful parenting have been overlooked. To address this, this thesis developed and validated parallel the Mindful Parenting Inventories for Parents (MPIP) and Children (MPIC) in mothers and their typically developing children aged 11-16 years in the UK and Türkiye. MPIP/MPIC consisting of 18 items and four factors, showed promise in measuring mindful parenting from mother and child perspectives in both cultures, with acceptable validity.
Second, this thesis empirically tested the Process of the Mindful Parenting Model across cultures, utilising MPIP/MPIC. Specifically, I examined whether child temperament, social support, and parental psychological distress influenced mother- and child-reported mindful parenting in the UK and Türkiye. Results revealed that child negative emotionality was a direct predictor of mindful parenting in the UK only. However, child negative emotionality and social support were indirect predictors of mindful parenting through maternal psychological distress in both cultures.
Then, I explored the mediating and moderating roles of mindful parenting in the relationship between household chaos and child problem behaviours across cultures. Results showed that household chaos was a significant indirect predictor of child problem behaviours via mindful parenting in both countries. Furthermore, mindful parenting moderated the link between household chaos and child problem behaviours in the UK.
Additional research is encouraged to thoroughly examine the factor structure and validity of MPIP/MPIC and the Process of the Mindful Parenting Model across diverse cultures and populations. Furthermore, exploring bidirectional associations within the model would also be beneficial
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A Culture of Collaboration: Why Youth Participation Matters in Mental Health Programming
No full textBackground Aim: This thesis qualitatively explored the perceptions of staff and young people involved in youth participation in mental health programming, focusing on the HeadStart programme—a seven-year UK initiative supporting youth mental health. It examined how young people publicly participate in mental health services, the factors facilitating or hindering meaningful collaboration with staff, and perceptions of the outcomes of these collaborative efforts in creating, delivering, and evaluating mental health services within the UK. /
Methodology: The methodology included a comprehensive literature review on youth participation in healthcare and education, along with a scoping review of participation modalities in mental health. Study 1 applied Tim Davies's (2009) Matrix Model of Participation to categorise youth participation across six HeadStart localities in the UK. Study 2 qualitatively explored the experiences of 22 staff members collaborating with young people in youth mental health programming. Study 3 examined the perspectives of 11 young people involved in developing, delivering, and evaluating mental health services in schools and community spaces. /
Results: The literature review revealed a significant lack of qualitative research on youth participation in UK mental health programming. Examining various participation modalities highlighted the strengths and shortcomings of each model. Study 1 categorised participation forms using Tim Davies's (2009) Matrix Model, offering insights into the depth and scope of youth participatory activities in HeadStart's school and community initiatives. Study 2 explored staff perspectives through thematic analysis, identifying barriers, facilitators, and outcomes of youth participation. Themes emphasised foundational elements for meaningful youth involvement and the importance of specialised roles in mental health engagement. Study 3 analysed young people's perspectives, uncovering similar barriers, facilitators, and outcomes, and highlighting the value of fostering a collaborative culture and strong youth-adult partnerships for meaningful participation. /
Conclusion: Analysis of 76 HeadStart initiatives across six UK localities revealed the spectrum of youth participation in school and community spaces. This study's qualitative investigations identified facilitators, barriers, and outcomes of youth participation as perceived by key stakeholders. The findings suggest that involving young stakeholders in mental health programming can benefit both the collaborators and the initiatives. However, these insights are specific to the HeadStart programme, and further research is needed to explore their applicability in other contexts
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Longitudinal analysis of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores of the Millennium Cohort Study Children in England using M-quantile random-effects regression
Full text linkMultilevel modelling is a popular approach for longitudinal data analysis. Statistical models conventionally target a parameter at the centre of a distribution. However, when the distribution of the data is asymmetric, modelling other location parameters, e.g. percentiles, may be more informative. We present a new approach, M-quantile random-effects regression, for modelling multilevel data. The proposed method is used for modelling location parameters of the distribution of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores of children in England who participate in the Millennium Cohort Study. Quantile mixed models are also considered. The analyses offer insights to child psychologists about the differential effects of risk factors on children's outcomes
The cross-lagged relationship between father absence and child problem behaviour in the early years
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