1,720,970 research outputs found
Middleton SE, Lavorgna A and McAlister R (2020) STAIDCC20: 1st International Workshop on Socio-technical AI Systems for Defence, Cybercrime and Cybersecurity.
No full textThe purpose of STAIDCC20 workshop is to bring together a mixture of inter-disciplinary researchers and practitioners working in defence, cybercrime and cybersecurity application areas to discuss and explore the challenges and future research directions around socio-technical AI systems. The workshop will showcase where the state of the art is in socio-technical AI, charting a path around issues including transparency, trustworthiness, explaining bias and error, incorporating human judgment and ethical frameworks for deployment of socio-technical AI in the future
FloraGuard. Tackling the illegal trade in endangered plants. Policy brief.
No full textFloraGuard. Tackling the illegal trade in endangered plants. Policy brief
Identifying key challenges and needs in digital mental health moderation practices supporting users exhibiting risk behaviours to develop responsible AI tools: the case study of Kooth.
Full text linkDigital platforms for mental health and wellbeing purposes have become increasingly common to help users exhibiting risk behaviours (e.g. self-harming, eating-related disorders) across all ages, opening new frontiers in supporting vulnerable users. This study stems from a larger project, which explores how responsible AI solutions can up-scale existing manual moderation approaches and better target interventions for young people who ask for help or engage in risk behaviours online. This research aims to better understand the challenges and needs of moderators and digital counsellors, i.e. the ‘behind the scenes’. Through this case study, the authors intend to contribute to the development of responsible AI tools that are ft for purpose and better understand the challenges. The key focus lies on Kooth.com, the UK’s leading free online confdential service offering counselling and emotional wellbeing support to young people in the UK through its online web-based and pseudo-anonymous digital platform
FloraGuard. Tackling the illegal trade in endangered plants. Project report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
No full textFloraGuard. Tackling the illegal trade in endangered plants. Project report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Countering plant crime online: cross-disciplinary collaboration in the FloraGuard study.
No full textThe illegal online trade in plants has potentially devastating impacts upon species poached for sale in digital markets, yet the scale of this threat to endangered species of flora remains relatively undetermined. Effectively monitoring and analysing the online trade in plants, requires an efficient means of searching the vastness of cyberspace, and the expertise to differentiate legal from potentially illegal wildlife trade (IWT). Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a means of improving the efficiency of both search and analysis techniques, although the complexities of wildlife trade, and the need to monitor thousands of different species, makes the automation of this technology extremely challenging. In this contribution, we review a novel socio-technical approach to addressing this problem. Combining expertise in information and communications technology, criminology, law enforcement and conservation science, this cross-disciplinary technique combines AI algorithms with human judgement and expertise, to search for and iteratively analyse potentially relevant online content. We suggest that by coupling the scalability of search algorithms with a sufficient level of human input required to evaluate wildlife trade data, the proposed methodological approach offers significant advantages over manual search techniques. We conclude by examining the high level of cross-disciplinary collaboration required to develop this technique, which may provide a useful case study for conservation practitioners and law enforcement agencies, seeking to tackle this technology-driven threat to biodiversity
Information Extraction from the Long Tail. A Socio-Technical AI Approach for Criminology Investigations into the Online Illegal Plant Trade
Full text linkIn today's online forums and marketplaces cybercrime activity can often be found lurking in plain sight behind legitimate posts. Most popular criminology techniques are either manually intensive, and so do not scale well, or focus on statistical summaries across websites and can miss infrequent behaviour patterns. We present an inter-disciplinary (computer science, criminology and conservation science) socio-technical artificial intelligence (AI) approach to information extraction from the long tail of online forums around internet-facilitated illegal trades of endangered species. Our methodology is highly iterative, taking entities of interest (e.g. endangered plant species, suspects, locations) identified by a criminologist and using them to direct computer science tools including crawling, searching and information extraction over many steps until an acceptable resulting intelligence package is achieved. We evaluate our approach using two case study experiments, each based on a one-week duration criminology investigation (aided by conservation science experts) and evaluate both named entity (NE) directed graph visualization and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling. NE directed graph visualization consistently outperforms topic modelling for discovering connected entities in the long tail of online forums and marketplaces
FloraGuard: tackling the online illegal trade in endangered plants through a cross-disciplinary ICT-enabled methodology.
Full text linkThis article presents a part of the ongoing Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded project “FloraGuard: Tackling the illegal trade in endangered plants” that relies on cross-disciplinary approaches to analyze online marketplaces for the illegal trade in endangered plants, and explores strategies to develop digital resources to assist law enforcement in countering and disrupting this criminal market. This contribution focuses on how the project brought together computer science, criminology, conservation science, and law enforcement expertise to create a tool for the automatic gathering of relevant online information to be used for research, intelligence, and investigative purposes. The article also discusses the ethical standards applied and proposes the concept of “artificial intelligence (AI) review” to provide a sociotechnical solution that builds trustworthiness in the AI approaches used for this type of cross-disciplinary information and communications technology (ICT)-enabled methodology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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