1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
An exploration of the nurses perception on causes of and management of in-patient aggression in a psychiatric institution in Botswana.
Get PDFThesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.Inpatient aggression in mental health settings is a significant concern because it compromises the quality of care provided by health care workers. Nurses are one of the groups most affected by inpatient aggression because they are usually the client's first contact on admission. A number of studies have found that nurses are the most frequently assaulted professional group both inside and outside of the hospital setting, are more frequently assaulted than doctors and most are likely to experience some form of aggression in their career. The causes of inpatient aggression are frequently conceptualised as multidimensional and involving factors internal to the client e.g. age, factors relating to the environment such as inflexible ward routines and factors relating to the quality of the interaction between nursing staff and clients. Research studies suggest that nurses generally respond reactively and rely heavily on physical control strategies rather than on interpersonal strategies in managing inpatient aggression. Contemporary literature suggests that the perceptions nurses hold about aggression and its causes influences their management of the event and that this process is mediated by a number of client, environment and nurse-related variables including age, education, gender, nursing experience, perceptions of aggression and its causes. Although the causes and management of inpatient aggression in nursing is well documented in the United Kingdom and some other West European countries, this is not the case for Africa and in the case of this study, for Botswana. No studies have attempted to find the nurses' perception, perception on the cause, and management of inpatient aggression in Africa and more so in Botswana. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore how nurses' demographic characteristics, their perceptions of aggression and its causes, influence the management of inpatient aggression by nurses in the main psychiatric institution in Botswana. Method: A descriptive, exploratory non-experimental design was used. Perception of inpatient aggression was captured by a Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) and the perception on the cause and management of inpatient aggression was collected with Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale (MAVAS).The sample comprised of 71 nurses, 48 of whom were females and 23 males. The mean age of the nurse respondents was 36 years. Of the 71 respondents 50 were registered nurses only while 20 were psychiatric registered nurses. More than two thirds of the respondents had a diploma in nursing, one had a masters degree and the remainder, a degree in nursing. The average nursing and psychiatric nursing experience of the respondents were 12.1 and 6.87 years respectively. ANNOVA test and t-tests were done to find the associations between the nurses' demographic variables, their perception, perception on the cause and management of inpatient aggression. Findings: The respondents In this study perceived inpatient aggression as both negative and positive. There was an overall agreement with the perception of aggression as always negative and as an action of physical violence against a nurse (81.73%). Nurses saw the cause of inpatient aggression as emanating from the internal, external and situational/interactional factors. The use of traditional methods of aggression dominated as shown by a high mean score of 80.5 as compared to interpersonal management with a mean score of 60.5. A statistical difference was found between gender, perception of aggression and perception of aggression and the traditional management of aggression while age, nursing and psychiatric nursing experience were statistically associated with the use of interpersonal management of aggression. Conclusion: The study provided insight into the nurses' perceptions, perceptions on the cause and management of inpatient aggression in a mental institution in Botswana. Nurses in this study hold predominantly negative perceptions of aggression and generally favour traditional management strategies. However, older, more experienced nurses tended to favour interpersonal techniques. Recommendations for nursing practice, education and research to address this issue centre around further and targeted education and training in mental health and specifically, in the comprehensive management of aggression which includes communication skills, use of de-escalation, use of medication and cautious physical restraint
An exploratory-descriptive study of perceived family burden by family members of individuals with a serious mental illness in the uThukela District of KwaZulu-Natal.
Get PDFThesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.The global change in the provision of mental health care services from long-term institutionalization to community-based care brought changes in the care giving responsibilities. This approach shifted the responsibility for the care of individuals with serious mental illness from psychiatric hospitals where health professionals were the primary care-givers, to community health care services where the family members are now the primary care-givers and the major sources of psychosocial support for the individuals with serious mental illness (Chamber, et al., 2001; Seloilwe, 2006). The aim of this study was therefore to explore the care giving burden as perceived by family members of individuals with serious mental illness and the association between their coping strategies and the perceived burden. Methodology: An exploratory-descriptive, non- experimental quantitative study was adopted to describe and explore perceptions of care giving burden by family members, and the association between the perceived burden and the family coping strategies. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used to collect data on perceived family burden and the Carers Assessment of Management Index (CAMI) to collect data on coping strategies. The questionnaire was self- administered to 120 family members of the individuals with serious mental illness who accompanied their relatives at the clinic and who met the sample inclusion criteria. Findings: The findings revealed that family members in the uThukela District were experiencing great burden while caring for their relative with serious mental illness. The most influencing factors were the worsened condition of a relative with unmanageable behaviour, poverty, lack of resources including knowledge, rehabilitation centres. Over dependency of a relative with serious mental illness on family members was one of the greatest worries of the participants. The situation negatively affects on the social lives of the family members and on their well being. In terms of coping strategies, family members were found to be using both problem-focused and emotional-focused strategies to balance their coping abilities
A phenomenological study of caring experiences of caregivers caring for mentally ill individuals at home in the Northdale area of Pietermaritzburg.
Get PDFThesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.In the context of recent shifts in South African national health policies that integrate mental health care into primary health care, the family rather than the institution has become the primary site of ongoing care for psychiatric clients. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to describe how caring is rendered at home for the mentally ill person by family caregivers, living in Northdale, Pietermaritzburg. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit six family caregiver participants from the psychiatric clinic waiting room. These were caregivers who had accompanied their family member with mental illness for treatment on that particular day. Data generated from in-depth interviews with these participants provided personal experiences of their caregiving practices, behaviours, and problems. Data analysis was based on descriptive phenomenology and Colaizzi’s method of data analysis and data representation. Significant statements were extracted and grouped to form larger units or clusters. The clusters were then organised into nine themes, with associated significant statements made by the caregivers: Theme 1: Family as support system. These aspects related to daily maintenance of nutrition, hygiene and grooming for the family member with mental illness. The participants indicated that the maintenance of these activities f daily living were very important in the care of the SMI individual at home. Theme 2: Commitment to care. Evident throughout the interviews were issues of how caregivers perceived and sustained the ongoing responsibilities of home care for the mentally ill. There was a willingness and complete commitment to caring for the SMI family member with all its responsibilities. Theme 3: Disruption to family life. Details emerged from the interviews about how families adjusted to the constant needs of care provision, supervision, and vigilance demanded by home care giving. The participants accepted that problem behaviours were part of caring. Theme 4: Value in contributing to care. The interviews revealed various aspects of how caregivers drew reassurance and a sense of positive accomplishment from successes in teaching, supervising and managing a mentally ill relative at home. There were positive aspects to caring in that the SMI individuals could be of help to the caregivers. Simple tasks such as empting of bins, shopping and dish washing were part of the daily routine which proved beneficial to the caregiver and the family member with mental illness. Theme 5: Maintaining hope. Various implications emerged in the study such as being hopeful, and having a positive outlook as caregiver, despite the behaviour problems and chronic nature of the client’s mental illness. Participants indicated that despite the fact that they have a responsibility to care they are hopeful that one day the family member would be as normal as any other person. Theme 6: Support and Guidance: Ongoing assistance. Several issues emerged in relation to the involvement of the community psychiatric clinic professional staff in giving support and guidance to the individual caregivers, such as provision of information about side effects of medication, especially drowsiness, impaired communication and inactivity, guidance on how to cope with taking of substances by the client, and assistance with preparing for lifelong care of the family member with mental illness. Theme 7: Concern for Continuity of care. There was the need to look at what would be the outcome if the parents were not there to care for the SMI individual. Even though this is something to think about and had been broached at one time with the psychiatrist the family and care giver are hopeful that another family member will step into the caring role should they not be there. Theme 8: Fears and difficulties experienced in caring. Problem behaviours and danger to self and others is always upper most in the minds of the care givers, this resulted in even limiting friends because the SMI individual could be influenced into taking drugs. Care giving involved taking steps to ensure the family member does not hurt himself or herself. Theme 9: Misuse of Social Grant. Financial burdens were experienced by the family of the mentally ill individual. Social grants were being used to maintain the whole family for food, lights and rent. Sometimes the caregivers are forced to hand over the social grant to the MHCU just to ensure that there will be no problems at home if they were refused. Money is used to purchase cigarettes and drugs. Fear that the grant would be stopped results in the family not willing to report the abuse to the clinic staff. Implications for psychiatric nursing practice that the study highlighted included need for intervention by the community psychiatric nurses in regard to side-effects of medication, management of problem behaviours, and education for caregivers concerning the illness and especially its progressive signs and symptoms. Further research might explore current supportive programmes available in the community to keep pace with societal changes, with particular focus on whether. caregivers are included in the visits to the clinic with the mentally ill family member and what attention is given to their needs and problems so that they feel appreciated and valued
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