1,720,998 research outputs found
Effects of different recovery strategies following a half-marathon on fatigue markers in recreational runners
No full textTo investigate the effects of different recovery strategies on fatigue markers following a prolonged running exercise.46 recreational male runners completed a half-marathon, followed by active recovery (ACT), cold water immersion (CWI), massage (MAS) or passive recovery (PAS). Countermovement jump height, muscle soreness and perceived recovery and stress were measured 24h before the half-marathon (pre), immediately after the recovery intervention (postrec) and 24h after the race (post24). In addition, muscle contractile properties and blood markers of fatigue were determined at pre and post24.Magnitude-based inferences revealed substantial differences in the changes between the groups. At postrec, ACT was harmful to perceived recovery (ACT vs. PAS: effect size [ES] = -1.81) and serum concentration of creatine kinase (ACT vs. PAS: ES = 0.42), with CWI being harmful to jump performance (CWI vs. PAS: ES = -0.98). It was also beneficial for reducing muscle soreness (CWI vs. PAS: ES = -0.88) and improving perceived stress (CWI vs. PAS: ES = -0.64), with MAS being beneficial for reducing muscle soreness (MAS vs. PAS: ES = -0.52) and improving perceived recovery (MAS vs. PAS: ES = 1.00). At post24, both CWI and MAS were still beneficial for reducing muscle soreness (CWI vs. PAS: ES = 1.49; MAS vs. PAS: ES = 1.12), with ACT being harmful to perceived recovery (ACT vs. PAS: ES = -0.68), serum concentration of creatine kinase (ACT vs. PAS: ES = 0.84) and free-testosterone (ACT vs. PAS: ES = -0.91).In recreational runners, a half-marathon results in fatigue symptoms lasting at least 24h. To restore subjective fatigue measures, the authors recommend CWI and MAS, as these recovery strategies are more effective than PAS, with ACT being even disadvantageous. However, runners must be aware that neither the use of ACT nor CWI or MAS had any beneficial effect on objective fatigue markers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Impact Of Experimentally-Induced Muscle Pain on the Performance of Single-Limb and Whole-Body Exercise Tasks
Full text linkExercise-induced pain (EIP), which is often accompanied by fatigue, has been suggested to have a limiting or regulatory role during endurance performance, with the ability to tolerate or overcome pain a determinant of success. Despite this, the potential impact of EIP on endurance performance is not well understood, partly because prior research investigating this relationship has employed methods of pain induction that are inappropriate in representing the transmission and experience of EIP.
The focus of this thesis was to investigate the role of EIP on exercise performance through the experimental induction of muscle pain using a model that closely replicates the experience of naturally occurring EIP. There were two overarching main aims of this thesis which were addressed in four experimental studies. The first aim was to investigate and confirm the hypertonic saline model as a suitable experimental method of muscle pain induction to investigate the fatigue-pain relationship. The second aim was to apply the hypertonic saline model to evaluate the impact of EIP on exercise tasks relevant to endurance performance.
When combined with muscle contraction, hypertonic saline injected into the vastus lateralis induced a muscle pain that felt like naturally occurring EIP of a greater contraction intensity (Study 1). Applied both unilaterally and bilaterally at rest, is was found that this method is unlikely to directly elicit a confounding response that may influence exercise performance (i.e. exercise pressor reflex) (Study 3). When applied to exercise, the increased muscle pain from the hypertonic saline impaired both the accuracy of single-limb isometric torque reproduction (Study 2) and time to task failure performance (i.e. an accelerated progression of fatigue) in both single-limb (Study 1) and whole-body exercise tasks (Study 4).
In summary, the findings of this thesis provide evidence and advances understanding of the potential limiting impact of EIP on endurance performance tasks. This thesis also has practical application in providing a novel experimental model that can be applied in future investigations of experimental muscle pain and the fatigue-pain relationship
The effect of soft tissue release on delayed onset muscle soreness: A pilot study
No full textObjectives: To examine soft tissue release (STR) as an intervention for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Design: A mixed-subjects experimental design was used. Participants performed 4 × 20 eccentric elbow extensions at 80% of 1RM. Participants received either STR (50%) or no treatment (50%). DOMS measurements were taken before the elbow extensions and at 0, 24, and 48 h afterwards. Setting: The study was conducted at the University of Essex exercise physiology laboratory. Participants: Twenty male participants, unaccustomed to strength conditioning, completed the study. Main outcome measures: DOMS was evaluated using relaxed joint angle (RJA), active range of motion (AROM), passive range of motion (PROM), and arm girth measurements. Soreness ratings were measured using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: In both conditions there were post-DOMS task increases in VAS ratings (p < 0.0001) and arm girths (p < 0.0001), and decreases in RJA (p < 0.0001), AROM (p < 0.0001), and PROM (p < 0.0001). STR group VAS scores were higher immediately (p < 0.01) and 48 h after treatment (p < 0.005). There were no other between-group differences and none of the measurements returned to baseline levels by 48 h. Conclusions: STR exacerbates the DOMS sensation yet does not seem to improve the rate of recovery during the first 48 h. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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