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Three Essays on Household Adaptation
Get PDFThe chapters in this dissertation provide a way of tracing out a history of sorts; of howhouseholds and people coped with negative shocks in the past: through cooperative land
tenure arrangements and collectives, and now: through technological platforms that
follow the “economic laws of the market.” The questions I ask are: How do households adapt to new circumstances in developing
countries? And how has the landscape of the labor market changed to incorporate new
technology for these households to use? How has new technology and new data allowed us
to say more about not just households’ economic lives, but their political lives as well?In the first chapter, I study how ride-share applications can be used to send money from cities to rural areas in times of bad rural shocks. Rural-urban linkages have long been a topic of study in the developing world. Remittances are often a key driver of these linkages and can act as insurance against rural weather shock risk, in the absence of availability and access to formal insurance products. The emergence of new technologies, such as ride-share and mobile money platforms, can be potentially transformative at allowing remittance flows to adjust more quickly to adverse shocks. I use a dataset of Uber driver labor supply and a rich dataset of weather indicators to estimate the effect of adverse weather shocks in rural areas on Uber drivers in Kampala, Uganda. Since I do not have explicit information on migrant status and rural connection, I leverage an external dataset of Ugandan voter registration and train a gradient boosting classifier on Ugandan surnames to predict drivers' regions of origin. I develop a switching regression estimator to address the misclassification bias from the predictions. I find that a one standard deviation increase in the intensity of agricultural drought is associated with an increase of 5.1 hours online in the month of the event (a 6\% increase over average hours), providing suggestive evidence that Uber's flexibility is used to buffer against adverse weather shocks.In the second chapter, I study ethnic voting in Uganda. A large literature on ethnic voting has shown that ethnic identity is a major element in voting preferences for many developing countries, and that higher fractionalization in ethnicity leads to lower public goods provision. It is often difficult to disentangle ethnic identity and shared economic goals that stem from living in the same location. This paper differentiates between the effects of a voter's ethnic identity and their location, on voting behavior. We estimate these effects by pairing voter registration data with election outcomes from polling stations throughout Uganda. We overcome the challenge of measuring ethnic identity by using a machine learning algorithm that exploits variation in surnames across ethnic and linguistic groups on the polling station level. In particular, we use the letter sequences in each individual voter's surname to predict their ethnicity. We then use these predictions as the explanatory variable of interest in a regression model with the outcome being support for the incumbent president in the 2016 general election. We find that ethnic voting preferences are robust to location effects, but that location tends to amplify preferences, especially when in an area with similar views, and with a history of preferences disfavoring the candidate.In the third chapter, I explore an institution that existed before technology beganto shape developing economies: the cooperative farm. Even despite there being heterogeneity
in ability in cooperative agriculture, these institutional forms have existed for many years,
because of their ability to pool costs amongst its members. I look at how the success of recent policies aimed at privatizing these communal farms (where I take as a context, the PROCEDE
reform in Mexico) are affected by market power in the supply chain. What I find is that a higher level of monopsony power in the supply chain leads to lower price
passthrough, meaning that an increase in the world price of tortillas, for example, will not
transmit completely to an increase in the price of corn. This implies less of an increase to
privatization of the cooperative farm
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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