59 research outputs found
Conoscere l'essere. Fabro, Gilson e la conoscenza dell'actus essendi
No full textThe author analyses the interpretations of the knowledge of actus essendi from a Thomistic point of view given by Cornelio Fabro and Étienne Gilson. The two philosophers share a common background in their refusal of essentialism and in their defense of a real distinction between actus essendi and essentia. However, Gilson confuses actus essendi with existentia, whereas Fabro gives a more perspicuous interpretation of actus essendi. Yet Gilson's analysis of existential judgement seems to provide a good proof to the thesis of real distinction and can be conciliated with Fabro's interpretation
Fabro Cornelio
No full textL’opera di Cornelio Fabro si distingue per un confronto serrato tra la metafisica tomista e le principali correnti del pensiero moderno, dall’idealismo al marxismo, dalla fenomenologia all’esistenzialismo. Per Fabro la scelta della «religiosità sofferente» di Kierkegaard - autore da lui molto tradotto e studiato - sfocia in una riaffermazione prettamente ontologica della trascendenza divina: «se al di sopra dell’uomo non c’è Dio che fondi appunto lo ec-sistere dell’uomo come garanzia, sostegno e termine effettivo del medesimo, l’esistenza si esaurisce in se stessa, come inutile e doloroso contorcimento di sé in sé». La filosofia di Kierkegaard, dunque, per Fabro, non fa che riconferire peso ulteriore ad argomentazioni ontologiche su Dio e il creato, come quelle tommasiane. Nell’Aquinate, infatti, sottolinea Fabro, gli enti hanno esistenza solo come partecipazione per atto creativo del differente essere trascendente.
Parole chiave: Cornelio Fabro, differenza ontologica, partecipazione, actus essendi, ateismo
The work of Cornelio Fabro is distinguished by a close comparison between Thomistic metaphysics and the main currents of modern thought, from idealism to Marxism, from phenomenology to existentialism. For Fabro, the “suffering religiosity,” emphasized by an author he has translated and studied extensively such as S. Kierkegaard, culminates in a properly ontological reaffirmation of divine transcendence: “if above man there is no God who founds precisely the ec-sistence of man as a guarantee, support, and effective term of the same, existence exhausts itself in itself, as a useless and painful contortion of itself in itself.” Kierkegaard’s philosophy, therefore, for Fabro, only reaffirms further the ontological arguments about God and creation, such as those of Thomas Aquinas. In Aquinas, in fact, Fabro emphasizes that beings have existence only as participation through the creative act of the different transcendent being.
Keywords: Cornelio Fabro, ontological difference, participation, actus essendi, atheis
Success of native hay-seed mix for dry grassland restoration: do not neglect the role of soil seed bank
No full textEcological restoration has been proved to be an effective strategy to contrast biodiversity loss due to land use change. Among terrestrial ecosystems, dry grasslands represent biodiversity hotspot strongly threatened by soil consumption. Passive grassland restoration, based on spontaneous succession, is highly unpredictable and, in some cases, unsuitable to re-establish native communities. The use of spontaneous seeds (hay seed) and or/ commercial seed mix might contribute to boost early restoration stages by triggering native plant colonization. A crucial stage for the success of any restoration action and for determining community composition is the seeds germination. In addition, the soil seedbank of restoration sites can exert main effect on the final plant assembly, even if
it is often neglected. We designed a controlled environment experiment in which commercial grassland seed-mix and spontaneous hay seeds collected in local dry grassland were sown on commercial soil (seedbank less) and agricultural soil (with seedbank) with two seed density. We hypothesized soil, seed mix type and density to interplay in determining community diversity and composition. Commercial seed provided greater species abundance and rapid containment of seedbank species. The abundance of the seedbank ruderal species greatly contributed to the total biodiversity in the case of hay seeds. The number of individuals of species not belonging to the seedbank has always been higher if commercial seed mix was sown; in the case of hay seeds this parameter was favored by agricultural soil probably due to the substrate or to positive interaction with seedbank species. The composition of functional groups (i.e. monocot vs dicot and life span) and species assembly were also influenced by the soil and seed mix type. Soil seedbank effect in determining the success of site restoration when operating seed sowing
should not be overlooked, alternative management actions aimed at curb seedbank germination should be, hence, considered
<i>The Constitution of Being in Contemporary Thomism</i>. Tomas Tyn, Johannes Baptist Lotz, Cornelio Fabro
No full textTraducción del francés del estudio La constitution de l‟étant dans le thomisme contemporain: Tomas Tyn, Johann Baptist Lotz, Cornelio Fabro, publicado originalmente en M. Raffray (dir.): Actus essendi. Saint Thomas d‟Aquin et ses interprètes. Parole et Silence, Paris, 2019, pp. 369-433. Se analiza cómo fue entendida la metafísica tomista según los mencionados autores, y se da una posición propia al final.Translation of the article La constitution de l‟étant dans le thomisme contemporain: Tomas Tyn, Johann Baptist Lotz, Cornelio Fabro, published in M. Raffray (dir.): Actus essendi. Saint Thomas d‟Aquin et ses interprètes. Parole et Silence, Paris, 2019, pp. 369-433. It analyzes how Thomist Metaphysics has been understood by Tomas Tyn, Johannes Baptist Lotz and Cornelio Fabro. Author makes a critical evaluation of them.Sección: TraduccionesUniversidad Nacional de La Plat
Pedro Fabro ante la reforma protestante
No full textPeter Faber, known for his special talent in dialogue and human touch as well as for his excellent theological training in Paris, was one of the Jesuits sent by Ignatius of Loyola to handle matters of dialogue with Protestants and the reform of the Catholic Church. Faber participated in the colloquiums at Worms (1540) and at the Diet of Ratsbona (1541). His participation in the Council of Trent was later truncated by a premature death. His writings, especially his Memories, and the notes left by the Carthusian Gerard Kalckbrenner of Hammont taken in conversations with the Saboyan, allow the author of this article to describe the traits of that mission among the Protestants: the insistence by Faber to dialogue in charity and the example of own’s life and his search for common ground; situating this all in the theological debates and the historical context of the time period.Pedro Fabro, por sus destacadas dotes para el diálogo y el trato humano, y por su excelente formación teológica parisina, fue uno de los jesuitas enviados por Ignacio de Loyola a tareas vinculadas con el diálogo con los protestantes y la reforma de la propia Iglesia Católica. Fabro participó en los «coloquios» de Worms (1540) y en la Dieta de Ratisbona (1541). Su participación en el concilio de Trento fue truncada por una muerte prematura. Sus escritos, especialmente su Memorial, y las notas que el cartujo Gerardo Kalckbrenner de Hammont tomó de las conversaciones con el Saboyano, permiten al autor de este artículo describir los rasgos de aquella misión con los protestantes: la insistencia de Fabro en el diálogo desde la caridad, el ejemplo de vida y la búsqueda de territorios comunes; situando todo ello en los debates teológicos y en el contexto histórico de la época
Climate sensitivity of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) dwarf shrub communities in Alps: interactions between plant growth, temperature and precipitation.
No full textShrub expansion is a prominent effect of climate change in the alpine and arctic ecosystems. One of the major drivers of the enhanced shrub growth is the increase in temperatures and many studies have investigated on this. Instead, the effects of the interplay between temperature and other climate variables (e.g. rainfall regime) on the shrub growth has been often neglected. This study aims at parsing the relationships between annual growth of Vaccinium myrtillus L., key species in the alpine tundra, temperature, precipitation and their interaction in the north-eastern Alps. We considered a 500 meters elevation gradient analyzing xylem rings of 100 cross sections of underground ramets of V. myrtillus referring to the period 1995-2015. We found altitude to affected both ramet age (i.e. number of rings) and the mean ring width. The mean temperature and annual precipitation showed significant interaction effects on mean ring width and xylem mean lumen area. At low temperatures an increase
of precipitations led to a reduction in the mean ring width, while high temperatures and precipitation increased annual ring width. Mean lumen area was affected by precipitation only in cold years. Our results suggest that future scenarios should not overlook for rainfall regime effect by virtue of its possible role in snowpack permanence and summer drough
Drought conditions, tillage regime and soil phosphorous modulate the incidence of weeds, pests and pathogens in arable crops
No full textDrought events are expected to become increasingly frequent, with potentially severe aftermaths on agriculture through direct and indirect effects on crops. It is thus necessary to understand how management practices can mitigate the impacts of droughts on yields, harmful organisms and ecosystem service providers in different soil contexts. Soil disturbance reduction is often suggested as one such practice.
In this study, we investigated the effects of drought (50% reduction in natural precipitation), tillage regime (conservation vs. conventional tillage), and the pivotal soil nutrient phosphorous on crop yield, as well as on the control of weeds, pests, and pathogens. We set our manipulative experiment in 18 arable fields in Northern Italy, and drought conditions were simulated with rainout shelters.
Drought had a negative effect on yields and increased the biomass and species richness of weeds. Conservation tillage had lower crop disease incidence but higher weed biomass than conventional tillage. Drought and conventional tillage both reduced the number of synergies between the different ecosystem services indicators. Soil phosphorus increased weed biomass, but decreased disease incidence in soybean. Arthropod pests and predators were not significantly affected by any of the tested variables.
Against the predictions, the effects of conservation tillage on drought mitigation and ecosystem services were mixed, indicating that complex combinations of multiple interventions will be required to reduce the negative effects of drought, weeds and pests under a changing climate
Novel approach to link the physiological response of maize to drought and the occurrence of mycotoxins
No full textIncreased frequency of heatwaves and droughts are some of the aspects by which climate change threatens maize cultivation (Zea mays L.), thus playing a crucial role in global food security. The impact of drought on maize production is multifaceted. Firstly, drought stress during the critical stages of germination, flowering and pollination can lead to decreased plant growth, pollen production, nutrient uptake and ultimately to lower grain yields (1). In addition, prolonged periods of drought increase the spread of pests and diseases, which further exacerbate the vulnerability of maize crop and may compromise yield quality (2). However, the introduction of irrigation could only partially limit the damaging effects of severe water stress on maize performance. Therefore, improving the knowledge of the physiological response to water scarcity of this crop may be crucial for agronomic choices in the field.
In this context, we monitored 20 maize fields, characterized by the simultaneous presence of irrigated and non-irrigated areas, along a soil grain size gradient in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region throughout the growing season, at four phenological stages (i.e., beginning of stem elongation, flowering, milk maturation, dent maturation). In particular, we considered the plant individual functional response (i.e., plant height, SLA, leaf DMC, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoid and flavonoid content, kernel DW, kernel C:N, kernel δ13C), and the aflatoxin and fumonisin content of the kernel in relation to irrigation conditions and climate data (i.e., total precipitation, mean temperature).
We found that the soil structure effect is overruled by the effect of climate and/or irrigation. As we expected the absence of irrigation and low total precipitation led to a reduction of plant biomass and kernel production whereas interaction between irrigation and phenological stage had significant effect on leaf pigments (i.e., chlorophyll) and secondary metabolites (i.e., flavonoid). Moreover, irrigation enhanced the kernel C:N ratio and δ13C, whereas reduced the amount of aflatoxins.
Our further investigations aim at evaluating the interplay between the climatic variables, the soil structure and the individual traits on the ultimate content of mycotoxins in the kernel, with two distinct irrigation regimes and at the given different phenological stages adopting a structural equation modelling approach
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